Characterization of individual particles in the antwerp aerosol

Borm, W.A. Van; Adams, Fred C.; Maenhaut, Willy

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(89)90315-6

Cited by 58 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The "nest particles ((0.1 m) are formed by homogeneous or heterogeneous condensation of atmospheric SO from fossil fuels combustion (Van Borm et al, 1989;Clarke, 1992). The percentage of this type of particles increases again in the`very coarsea group, mainly due to the presence of big #y ashes from fossil fuels combustion, which cannot be collected by the sampler.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using these procedures and data from the speci"c literature (Dzubay and Mamane, 1989;Van Borm et al, 1989Rojas et al, 1990;Clarke, 1992;Torfs and Van Grieken, 1997;Harrison et al, 1997;Zou and Hooper, 1997, etc.) a particle classi"cation was reached and it is shown in Table 6.…”

Section: Classixcationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As it is well known, this gas will be absorbed, to a greater or lesser extent, by the stone depending on the amount of carbonate, porosity, speci"c surface and surface roughness. The action of SO can also be important on granitic rocks because it can react with calcite particles and deposit on the stone surface as calcium sulphate (Van Borm et al, 1989).…”

Section: Particles On Stone Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the papers refer to their contribution to air pollution and the e!ects on human health (Dzubay and Mamane, 1989;Van Borm et al, 1989Rojas et al, 1990;Paoletti et al, 1991;Al-Rajhi et al, 1996;McMurry et al, 1996;Querol et al, 1996;BeH ruBeH et al, 1997;Esteve et al, 1997;Harrison et al, 1997;Zou and Hooper, 1997;Kasparian et al, 1998;Chan et al, 1999;Paoletti et al, 1999, etc.). Other articles mention particulate e!ects on building stone decay (Haynie, 1985(Haynie, , 1986Lanting, 1986;Leysen et al, 1987;Zappia et al, 1991;Hutchinson et al, 1992;DmH az-Pache et al, 1994;Nord et al, 1994;RodrmH guez-Navarro and SebastiaH n, 1996;Esbert et al, 1996;Torfs and Van Grieken, 1997;Ausset et al, 1998Ausset et al, , 1999Grossi et al, 1998, etc.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airborne particulate matter around the Cathedral of Burgos (Castilla y León, Spain)

Esbert

Díaz-Pache

Grossi

et al. 2001

Atmospheric Environment

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A methodology to collect and analyse atmospheric particulate matter has been developed at the Cathedral of Burgos (Spain). Particles were collected in a portable particle sampler on carbon layers and stone surfaces. The analyses were undertaken under SEM-EDX by means X-ray mapping and Featurescan (a program for the automated characterisation of particles). To determine their possible sources, particles collected in the sampler and on carbon layers were classi"ed according to their composition, mainly by cluster analysis. Then, they were compared with those deposited on stone surfaces. This classi"cation is useful when a plan of preventive conservation for monuments is to be undertaken. In general, no important di!erences are observed between the chemical composition of particles directly collected from the atmosphere and those deposited on di!erent substrates. Fine particles present the highest sulphur contents (almost 100%), while calcium is the major element in the medium and coarse particles. Other abundant elements are silicon, chlorine and phosphorus. The number of iron-rich particles is small. The study of the material deposited on carbon layers and stone substrates has con"rmed the presence of gypsum in all cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Classixcationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Particles On Stone Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airborne particulate matter around the Cathedral of Burgos (Castilla y León, Spain)

Esbert

Díaz-Pache

Grossi

et al. 2001

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Particles were classified into different particle groups according to their chemical composition using cluster analysis software and the particle number abundance was calculated for different particle groups. Details on our automated particle analysis procedures and software package can be found elsewhere [19,20]. In this study a total of 11,000 particles were measured in 22 samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of three atmospheric aerosol episodes at a coastal site in China: Implications for regional transport of air pollution

Adams

Liu

2009

Eur. Phys. J. Conferences

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Abstract. Size-selective atmospheric aerosol samples, collected between March 28 and April 8 2002 in Changdao, a small island in eastern China, were characterized by analysis of elements, ions, organic and elemental carbon, lead isotopes, and single particles. On the basis of compositional differences and remote sensing information, three distinct aerosol pollution episodes were identified. The first was dominated by fine particles with a substantial contribution from biomass burning emissions and industrial lead-containing particles from inland China at least 800 kilometers away. The second was characterized by coarse and aged secondary calcium sulfate particles and primary calcium sulfate particles from local industrial sources as well as windblown mineral dust. The third was a typical Asian Dust event with a source region on the border between China and Mongolia at a distance of around 1000 kilometers. Abundant sulfate particles found at the beginning of the Asian Dust event were predominantly ammonium sulfates in the fine fraction and calcium and ammonium sulfates in the coarse fraction. The major portion of the pollutants and the dust front of the event arrived in separate air masses. Although the three events occurred in quick succession they were quite different in terms of size distribution, chemical composition, sulfate speciation, source types, and source geographic locations. Biomass burning, industrial emission, coal combustion, and mineral dusts were identified as sources of the Asian continental outflow.

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Environmental Problems

1996

Handbook of Microscopy Set

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Game theory is a tool for the analysis of the interaction among usually rational agents, the formulation of hypotheses about their behaviour and the prediction of the results of each interaction. From this standpoint it is very suitable for the analysis of environmental problems and for the definition of self-enforcing environmental agreements that are founded on cooperation and stability. Within this framework the paper aims at presenting a survey of the most recent literature in the area of both cooperative and non cooperative game theory in the attempt of both examining some of the more recent theoretical results and of presenting how "game theory products'" can be used to face real problems with real constraints.

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Characterization of individual particles in the antwerp aerosol

Cited by 58 publications

References 38 publications

Airborne particulate matter around the Cathedral of Burgos (Castilla y León, Spain)

Airborne particulate matter around the Cathedral of Burgos (Castilla y León, Spain)

Characterization of three atmospheric aerosol episodes at a coastal site in China: Implications for regional transport of air pollution

Environmental Problems

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