Characterization of interploid hybrids from crosses between Brassica juncea and B. oleracea and the production of yellow-seeded B. napus

Abstract

Yellow-seeded Brassica napus was for the first time developed from interspecific crosses using yellow-seeded B. juncea (AABB), yellow-seeded B. oleracea (CC), and black-seeded artificial B. napus (AACC). Three different mating approaches were undertaken to eliminate B-genome chromosomes after trigenomic hexaploids (AABBCC) were generated. Hybrids (AABCC, ABCC) from crosses AABBCC × AACC, AABBCC × CC and ABCC × AACC were advanced by continuous selfing in approach 1, 2 and 3, respectively. To provide more insight into Brassica genome evolution and the cytological basis for B. napus resynthesis in each approach, B-genome chromosome pairing and segregation were intensively analyzed in AABCC and ABCC plants using genomic in situ hybridization methods. The frequencies at which B-genome chromosomes underwent autosyndesis and allosyndesis were generally higher in ABCC than in AABCC plants. The difference was statistically significant for allosyndesis but not autosyndesis. Abnormal distributions of B-genome chromosomes were encountered at anaphase I, including chromosome lagging and precocious sister centromere separation of univalents. These abnormalities were observed at a significantly higher frequency in AABCC than in ABCC plants, which resulted in more rapid B-genome chromosome elimination in the AABCC derivatives. Yellow or yellow-brown seeds were obtained in all approaches, although true-breeding yellow-seeded B. napus was developed only in approaches 2 and 3. The efficiency of the B. napus construction approaches was in the order 1 > 3 > 2 whereas this order was 3 > 2 > 1 with respect to the construction of yellow-seeded B. napus. The results are discussed in relation to Brassica genome evolution and the development and utilization of the yellow-seeded B. napus obtained here.

Targeted mutagenesis of BnTT8 homologs controls yellow seed coat development for effective oil production in Brassica napus L.

“…Previous studies showed that yellow-seeded B. napus has a thinner seed coat, a reduced percentage of pigment and hull, and a greater content of oil and protein than the black-seeded type (Marles and Gruber, 2004;Meng et al, 1998;Tang et al, 1997). With these superior characteristics, yellow seed is widely accepted as a good-quality trait and is a focus of rapeseed research globally (Hong et al, 2017;Jiang et al, 2019;Lian et al, 2017;Meng et al, 1998;Qu et al, 2013Qu et al, , 2016Simbaya et al, 1995;Tang et al, 1997;Wen et al, 2012).…”

Transcriptomic comparison between developing seeds of yellow- and black-seeded Brassica napus reveals that genes influence seed quality

“…The short domestication history of B. napus after interspecific hybridization between B. rapa and B. oleracea and the artificial selection during rapeseed breeding have greatly narrowed the genetic background [31]. No yellow-seed germplasm has been found in natural B. napus, and most of the yellow-seeded B. napus were created by crossing between Brassica species, such as hybrids between B. napus and B. juncea, B. napus and B. carinata, B. juncea and B. oleracea [32,33]. Wild species in Brassicaceae, such as Sinapis alba, S. arvensis, Camelina sativa, Crambe abyssinica, and Descurainia sophia, exhibit many desirable characteristics, such as yellow seed coat, high erucic acid, pod shattering resistance, high unsaturated FA contents, and resistance to various diseases and abiotic stresses [34][35][36].…”

Correlation Analysis of Phenolic Contents and Antioxidation in Yellow- and Black-Seeded Brassica napus

“…These anti-nutrients are not beneficial for oil and seed meal production [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Hitherto, yellow-seeded B. napus were mainly bred by interspecific hybridization of Brassica [ 11 ], Li et al first reported yellow rapeseeds from somatic hybridization of B. napus - Sinapis alba [ 12 ]. On the other hand, Brassicaceae crops are well known for their enriched secondary metabolites, especially for phytochemicals with antioxidant activity, including derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids, sinapic acids, flavonols and anthocyanins [ 13 ].…”