Characterization of intralaminar strengths of virtually cured polymer matrix composites

Maiarù, Marianna; D’Mello, Royan J.; Waas, Anthony M.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.02.018

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Internal defects such as voids and microcracks may also occur [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Such defects can degrade the in situ matrix properties significantly and therefore, affect the composite mechanical response during subsequent load applications [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Despite these significant research contributions, a knowledge gap exists on the evolution of these process-induced uncertainties and their influence on the composite mechanical response such as transverse tensile [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 22 , 23 ] and compressive response [ 17 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computational micromechanics is an emerging field that leverages the advances in finite element methods (FEM) and the ever-increasing computing capabilities to accurately predict the microscale response of composite representative volume elements (RVEs) when subjected to various thermo-mechanical boundary conditions [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Within this framework, process-induced residual stress generation and damage accumulation can be obtained, and their influence on the bulk composite properties can be investigated by means of virtual curing and mechanical loading simulations of RVEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Manufacturing on the Transverse Response of Polymer Matrix Composites

Shah

Maiarù

2021

Polymers

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The effect of residual stress build-up on the transverse properties of thermoset composites is studied through direct and inverse process modeling approaches. Progressive damage analysis is implemented to characterize composite stiffness and strength of cured composites microstructures. A size effect study is proposed to define the appropriate dimensions of Representative Volume Elements (RVEs). A comparison between periodic (PBCs) and flat (FBCs) boundary conditions during curing is performed on converged RVEs to establish computationally efficient methodologies. Transverse properties are analyzed as a function of the fiber packing through the nearest fiber distance statistical descriptor. A reasonable mechanical equivalence is achieved for RVEs consisting of 40 fibers. It has been found that process-induced residual stresses and fiber packing significantly contribute to the scatter in composites transverse strength. Variation of ±5% in average strength and 18% in standard deviation are observed with respect to ideally cured RVEs that neglect residual stresses. It is established that process modeling is needed to optimize the residual stress state and improve composite performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Manufacturing on the Transverse Response of Polymer Matrix Composites

Shah

Maiarù

2021

Polymers

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“…So there is still a need of a 3D FE model on the mesoscale to reveal the microscopic self‐healing mechanism. Besides, Maiaru et al [ 22 ] presented a mesoscale FE computational model to study the influence of the curing process of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites on the mechanical response including the onset of damage and subsequent failure, which could be a helpful work for reference to the mesoscale FE modeling of the self‐healing process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on microcapsule self‐healing mechanism of polymer matrix composites based on numerical simulation

et al. 2021

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Since delamination always occurs in the laminate structures of fiber reinforced polymer composites in engineering applications, developing self‐healing composites has become more and more important nowadays, especially for large‐scale composite equipment, which is difficult to maintain when in service. In this paper, the micromechanical finite element (FE) models are developed for the polymer matrix composites containing self‐healing microcapsules. Based on mesoscale FE simulation and cross reference to related experimental results, we firstly reveal the rupture mechanism of microcapsules, in which the interaction between the microcapsules and microcracks propagated in the resin matrix is investigated by using the extended finite element method in ABAQUS. The mesoscale characteristics of the self‐healing agent, dicyclopentadiene, during the healing process, are revealed with the help of the fluid–solid coupling FE module. Especially, the dynamic filling mechanism of the self‐healing agent within the microcrack planes is physically interpreted by the use of the capillary effect and contact angle principle. Finally, the healing efficiencies of self‐healing composites with different microcapsule sizes and volume fractions are quantitatively evaluated via the virtual mechanical tests of fracture toughness. To be emphasized is that most of the simulation results obtained in this work have exhibited good agreements with the corresponding experimental data, showing a robust reliability of our FE models.

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“…[6][7][8] Therefore, predictive models that enable the tracing of the temperature and degree of cure evolution during the cure cycle of thermosets are essential to ensure good mechanical properties of the final product. Cure simulations of thick thermosetting composites can be extensively found in the literature [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and finite element (FE) simulations have also been developed to predict residual stresses and post-cured mechanical properties in thermoset composites. [10][11][12][13] First attempts to solve numerically the two-dimensional convection-diffusion heat equation, coupled with the internal heat generated by the exothermic reaction, were made by the use of the finite difference method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cure simulations of thick thermosetting composites can be extensively found in the literature [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and finite element (FE) simulations have also been developed to predict residual stresses and post-cured mechanical properties in thermoset composites. [10][11][12][13] First attempts to solve numerically the two-dimensional convection-diffusion heat equation, coupled with the internal heat generated by the exothermic reaction, were made by the use of the finite difference method. 14,15 Later, 2D and 3D FE codes were developed to address problems with complex geometries by several authors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cure simulations of thick adhesive bondlines for wind energy applications

Cassano

Dev

Maiarù

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Curing of adhesive bondlines is a critical and time-consuming operation in wind turbine blade manufacturing. Significant variation in adhesive thickness can lead to important differences in thermal histories trough the adhesive bonds due to the exothermic nature of the cure process. Reducing bondline cure cycle time and avoiding adhesive overheating are two competing factors in the design of cure temperature cycles. Predictive models on the impact of adhesive thickness variability in bondline cure temperature cycle is currently limited. Adhesive curing and temperature evolution can be simulated by finite element (FE) models coupling the heat transfer problem with the cure kinetics of the adhesive. The cure kinetics of the adhesive system was characterized by isothermal differential scanning calorimetry experiments and implemented in the FE software Abaqus/CAE by user subroutines. Predictions from the FE model were validated experimentally against temperature readings from the curing of 10, 20, and 30 mm thick adhesive bondlines. To highlight the role that predictive models potentially have in the optimization of bondline cure cycles a 2D cross section model representing the trailing edge of a wind turbine blade was used as case study. It was demonstrated that computational models enable customizing cure profiles for nonuniform adhesive thicknesses, ensuring fully cured bondlines with acceptable mechanical properties.

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Characterization of intralaminar strengths of virtually cured polymer matrix composites

Cited by 35 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of Manufacturing on the Transverse Response of Polymer Matrix Composites

Effect of Manufacturing on the Transverse Response of Polymer Matrix Composites

Investigation on microcapsule self‐healing mechanism of polymer matrix composites based on numerical simulation

Cure simulations of thick adhesive bondlines for wind energy applications

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