Characterization of KEVLAR fibers using selected probes

Rebouillat, Serge; Escoubes, M.; Gauthier, Robert; Vigier, A.

doi:10.1002/app.1995.070580812

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The liquid volume of the inHowever, the difference becomes appreciable with the larger alkanes. This is consistent with the objected probe, taken with a 1 or 5 mL Hamilton syringes, was in the range of 0.5 to 2 mL in order to servations by Rebouillat et al 9 on a Kevlar᭨ 29 fiber with n-dodecane. The enthalpy of adsorption obtain the adsorption isotherms over a sufficiently wide range of equilibrium pressures.…”

Section: Adsorption At Finite Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…10 Figure 1 provides several examples of plots from Figure 1(b) -(d), the tigation. Nonetheless, it is conceivable at this specific component DG sp was calculated from the stage to consider that, during manufacturing, the difference on the vertical y-axis between the confiber heat drying has more effect on the surface sidered polar probe position and the alkane referstructural changes 9,28 for the smaller diameter ence line, as illustrated on Figure 1(c). and the much lower linear density fiber AFK.…”

Section: Results From the Adsorption At Infinite Dilutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, an extrapolation to the dodecane probe of the DHЊ A values given in Table III yields enthalpies in the range of 65-69 other authors. 7,9 From the above discussion, it seems that the originally unannealed fibers AFK and AFV will be more influenced than the already Figure 7 reveals that the Kevlar ᭨ fiber surface annealed AFU fiber, although it appears logical becomes energetically heterogeneous with regard that the smaller diameter and lower linear dento the n-hexylamine, which is the opposite for the sity of AFK could be considered as an intermedin-octane adsorption.…”

Section: E07mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…1/2 (9) determinations. The common point between them is to take the n-alkanes as the reference for the Two approaches have been used to access the g d s strictly dispersive interactions with the solid survalue of the solid stationary phase.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface energy mapping of Kevlar� fibers by inverse gas chromatography

Rebouillat

Donnet

Guo

et al. 1998

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The surface energy characteristics of three Kevlar ᭨ fibers have been systematically studied using two inverse gas chromatography (IGC) techniques, i.e., at an infinite probe dilution and at a finite probe concentration, with the latter allowing a unique mapping of the surface energy levels, which complements greatly the more traditional characterization of the highest energy sites.The standard thermodynamic parameters, such as the free energy 0 DGЊ A , and the adsorption enthalpy and entropy ( DHЊ A and 0 DSЊ A ), as well as the dispersive and the specific component ( g Using the second IGC approach, i.e., at finite concentration, the isotherms for the adsorption of n-octane and n-hexylamine on the three selected Kevlar ᭨ fibers were constructed by the one-peak method. These are shown to be instrumental to establish the corresponding energy distribution functions. The results may indicate that, unlike the alkane probes, the polar molecules interact strongly with the Kevlar ᭨ fiber surfaces, which appear, in this case, energetically heterogeneous. The resulting energy distribution mapping opens new avenues towards the surface characterization of the global surface without the restriction of the averaging imposed by other bulk analysis techniques.

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Section: Adsorption At Finite Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Results From the Adsorption At Infinite Dilutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E07mentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface energy mapping of Kevlar� fibers by inverse gas chromatography

Rebouillat

Donnet

Guo

et al. 1998

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…Basic papers outlining the engineering of such products, especially their surface modifications, are available and provide a good basis for a scientific background [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High performance fibres and the mechanical attributes of cut resistant structures made therewith

Rebouillat¹,

Steffenino²

2006

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, Vol 85

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High performance materials are rarely used as 100% compound, therefore most of the time when reference is made to these categories of materials it is as a matter of fact a reference to a system comprising a well-combined ingredients exhibiting together high performances in use. Fibres, micro-fibres and now nanofibres are definitely part of the high performance reinforcing ingredients, which in a system largely contributes to the performance in use of the designed system.High performance fibres, and more specifically aramids for their outstanding heat and mechanical properties, although most often used as reinforcing compound, are also used more uniquely and directly in situations where mechanical and thermal protections are required. It is therefore useful as a preliminary grounding to review these types of materials in terms of their properties. Then their attributes and potential contribution alone or in a system become more specific and can be extrapolated more easily. The mechanical performance and more specifically the cut resistance of articles made of high performance materials are generally measured against several norm specifications. Those are not designed to predict the "real" in use performance of the considered protective articles. This gap is even larger when the cut resistance of the compounding fibre increases. Although relationships exist between the various cut performance levels obtained with the ASTM, ISO and EN norms (respectively American, International and European standards), there is a need for a more fundamental understanding and interpretation of the data. The ASTM and ISO approaches remain the most suitable methods for that purpose. Various parameters, such as the high performance material and fibre composition, the effect of kinetic such as the cutting speed and the speed profile, the force distributions, the artefacts generated by various surface coatings are presented and discussed aiming at improving the interpretations of the data generated through the norm procedures. Therewith, significant progress in the understanding of the cut fundamentals and the norm harmonization are made available to the users of high performance fibres, such as KEVLAR®.

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Moisture sorption and thermal characteristics of polyaramide blend fabrics

Genç

Alp

Balköse

et al. 2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Four types of fabrics woven from various polyaramid fibers of Nomex and Kevlar blends were characterized by morphology, XRD, elemental analysis, thermal analysis, and moisture adsorption isotherms. The blends consisted of Polybenzimidazole/Kevlar blend (40% PBI and 60% Kevlar), Nomex Delta A (blend of 60% Kevlar and 40% Nomex), Nomex Delta T (blend of 75% Nomex, 23% Kevlar, and 2% P140 antistatic fiber), and Nomex III (fabric with a 95/5 blend of Nomex and Kevlar) containing 1% steel fiber. TGA and DTG curves have been compared to evaluate thermal behavior of the PBI, Kevlar, and Nomex blends and the resuls were correlated with the moisture sorption data. The data were also compared with fiber morphologies provided by SEM and crystallinities derived from XRD diffractograms. Moisture adsorption isotherms were correlated with a number of empirical models, including Nernst, Freundlich, Handersen, Iglesias-Chirife, and with the models having a theoretical background such as Langmuir, BET, GAB, and Hü ttig. The linear regression models were statistically analyzed to obtain the best fitting model that explains the sorption profiles of the samples and theoretical monolayer moisture capacities of Nomex and Kevlar blends were calculated by using Hü ttig isotherms.

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Characterization of KEVLAR fibers using selected probes

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Surface energy mapping of Kevlar� fibers by inverse gas chromatography

Surface energy mapping of Kevlar� fibers by inverse gas chromatography

High performance fibres and the mechanical attributes of cut resistant structures made therewith

Moisture sorption and thermal characteristics of polyaramide blend fabrics

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