Characterization of Latent Heat-Releasing Phase Change Materials for Dermal Therapies

Wood, D. G.; Brown, Marc; Jones, Stuart A.; Murnane, Darragh

doi:10.1021/jp109518k

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The significant penetration enhancement seen here with heat providing skin temperatures of 43 and 44 °C is indicative that increased delivery would also be likely if the heating device was modified to produce lower temperatures. This prototype heating system employed heat from the crystallisation of a phase change material system containing sodium thiosulfate (ST), and has been characterised in more detail for the provision of heat to improve dermal absorption elsewhere [30]. Other methods of providing short durations of heat to drug containing formulations on the skin have been proposed including photothermal enhancement and have shown promise for improving permeation across the skin [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Enhanced Follicular Delivery of Isotretinoin to the Skin

2019

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The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of short durations of externally applied heat with chemical penetration enhancers to improve delivery of isotretinoin to the skin and in particular via the follicular route. Methods: A range of chemical penetration enhancers were screened for their ability to improve isotretinoin delivery into human skin with heat using infinite dose, Franz cell experiments conducted in a water bath at a higher temperature to simulate heated conditions. Following this a prototype external heating system was developed that provided short durations of heat and its ability to improve delivery of finite doses into the skin and hair follicles was assessed. Results: The magnitude of the effect of heat on drug delivery was influenced by the choice of vehicle with changes in isotretinoin flux across skin ranging from not statistically significant to 25 fold increases with heat in the infinite dose studies. The prototype heating system provided significant increases in the total delivery of isotretinoin into the skin from an optimised vehicle. Drug distribution in the skin revealed significant increases in isotretinoin delivery to the hair follicles, and deeper skin layers, but not to the stratum corneum, providing strong evidence that the enhancement in delivery occurred mainly via the hair follicles. Conclusion: These data indicate that the use of short durations of heat combined with chemical penetration enhancers offers a valuable strategy for improving the delivery of drugs such as isotretinoin to the skin via the hair follicles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Enhanced Follicular Delivery of Isotretinoin to the Skin

2019

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“…TES can be divided into three major categories according to energy storage mechanism: sensible heat storage (SHS), latent heat storage (LHS), and thermochemical heat storage (TCS) . Moreover, TES plays a critical role in the related thermal applications, such as industrial processes, solar energy systems, thermogalvanic systems, therapy‐specific heat administration systems, and battery thermal management systems . A TES in which phase‐change materials (PCMs) are used, known as latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES), possesses the advantages of a high energy‐storage density, a small volume of the system, and a narrow temperature change during the melting and freezing process .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Properties and Reliability of a Lauric Acid/Nonanoic Acid Binary Mixture as a Phase‐Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage

et al. 2017

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The thermal properties of a binary system composed of lauric acid (LA) and nonanoic acid (NA) and its binary phase diagram were studied. To put this binary system into practice, the mixture containing 96 wt % of LA was selected, which has a phase‐change temperature of 41 °C and a latent heat of 163 J g−1, which is suitable for a domestic water heating application. Additionally, its thermal and chemical structure stability, thermal conductivity, degree of supercooling, and thermal reliability were investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, thermal conductivity analysis, the T‐history method, and an accelerated thermal cycle test for 1000 melt/freeze cycles, respectively. The results of these tests indicated that the mixture has a remarkable thermal stability, a good chemical structure stability, no supercooling, and an excellent thermal reliability. Therefore, the mixture can be a potential phase‐change material for thermal energy storage.

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“…20 and 30 min) were produced using sodium thiosulfate (ST) solution as previously described by Farah et al (2019) (15) and comparisons with no 'additional' heat (32°C) and water bath heating (45°C) were made. The potential of phase change materials such as ST as well as devices for generating localised heating to improve dermal absorption have been highlighted elsewhere (36)(37)(38). It is likely that such devices could be used in the home by patients following appropriate training in the same way as heating patches for musculoskeletal pain or hand warming pouches containing sodium acetate are commercially available for individuals' use (38).…”

Section: Finite Dose In Vitro Skin Permeation and Distribution Studiementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential of phase change materials such as ST as well as devices for generating localised heating to improve dermal absorption have been highlighted elsewhere (36)(37)(38). It is likely that such devices could be used in the home by patients following appropriate training in the same way as heating patches for musculoskeletal pain or hand warming pouches containing sodium acetate are commercially available for individuals' use (38). In the clinical situation increasing the skin's temperature would be expected to increase cutaneous blood flow as well as increasing drug delivery into and across the skin (39).…”

Section: Finite Dose In Vitro Skin Permeation and Distribution Studiementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Follicular Delivery of Finasteride to Human Scalp Skin Using Heat and Chemical Penetration Enhancers

2020

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Purpose The aim of this work was to evaluate whether improved topical delivery of finasteride, focussed to the hair follicles of human scalp skin could be achieved with application of short durations of heat and use of specific chemical penetration enhancers. Methods Franz cell experiments with human scalp skin were performed with a range of chemical penetration enhancers at 32°C and 45°C to simulate normal and heated conditions. Selected chemical penetration enhancers were taken forward for finite dose Franz cell studies which examined the effect of heat produced by a prototype external heating system that supplied either 20 or 30 min of additional heat over both a 24 h and a 1 h time period. Results Short durations of externally applied heat significantly increased finasteride penetration into human scalp skin after 24 h. Analysis of drug distribution in the skin after 1 h and 24 h indicated that both heat and chemical penetration enhancer selection influenced drug delivery to the hair follicles. Conclusion The use of short durations of heat in combination with specific chemical penetration enhancers was able to increase the delivery of finasteride to human scalp skin and provide focussed drug delivery to the hair follicles.

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Characterization of Latent Heat-Releasing Phase Change Materials for Dermal Therapies

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Heat Enhanced Follicular Delivery of Isotretinoin to the Skin

Heat Enhanced Follicular Delivery of Isotretinoin to the Skin

Thermal Properties and Reliability of a Lauric Acid/Nonanoic Acid Binary Mixture as a Phase‐Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage

Enhanced Follicular Delivery of Finasteride to Human Scalp Skin Using Heat and Chemical Penetration Enhancers

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