Characterization of Local Products for Their Industrial Use: The Case of Italian Potato Cultivars Analyzed by Untargeted and Targeted Methodologies

Abstract

The chemical characterization of local Italian potato cultivars is reported to promote their preservation and use as high quality raw material in food industries. Twenty potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars from Piedmont and Liguria Italian regions were investigated using NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and RP-HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn (Reversed Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detector and Electrospray Ionization Mass Detector) methodologies. Water soluble and lipophilic metabolites were identified and quantified. With respect to literature data, a more complete 1H (protonic) spectral assignment of the aqueous potato extracts was reported, whereas the 1H NMR assignment of potato organic extracts was reported here for the first time. Phenolics resulted to be in high concentrations in the purple–blue colored Rouge des Flandres, Bergerac, Fleur Bleu, and Blue Star cultivars. Servane, Piatlina, and Malou showed the highest amount of galacturonic acid, a marker of pectin presence, whereas Jelly cultivar was characterized by high levels of monosaccharides. Roseval and Rubra Spes contained high levels of citric acid involved in the inhibition of the enzymatic browning in fresh-cut potato. High levels of the amino acids involved in the formation of pleasant-smell volatile compounds during potato cooking were detected in Rouge des Flandres, Blue Star, Bergerac, Roseval, and Ratte cultivars. These results suggest that each local cultivar is characterized by a proper chemical profile related to specific proprieties that can be useful to obtain high quality industrial products.

Biochemical Characterization and Effects of Cooking Methods on Main Phytochemicals of Red and Purple Potato Tubers, a Natural Functional Food

“…For the metabolic analyses, we also added the variety Blue Star to aid comparisons with previous studies. In fact, Blue Star has been already well characterized for chemical composition and potential industrial uses [10,28].…”

Metabolomic Characterization of Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Potato Cultivars Using a Joint and Individual Variation Explained (JIVE)

“…In this paper, we present the results of an extensive metabolic characterization of 28 cooked potato samples, belonging to 18 different varieties, where a multiclass chemical characterization (total polyphenols, antioxidants, single phenolic compounds, and sugars) was used for a deeper and more comprehensive characterization of the potato metabolome. Following a classification proposed in the literature [ 2 , 5 , 8 , 9 ], the samples were organized in four macro groups: yellow-, white-fleshed (non-pigmented), red-skinned, and purple-fleshed (pigmented) potatoes. This broad characterization was complemented by a detailed characterization of the anthocyanins in the pigmented potato samples.…”

Metabolomic Profiling of Fresh Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) Berries from Two Cultivars Grown in Central Italy: A Multi-Methodological Approach

“…Regarding the organic extract, TUFAs represented the main class of unsaturated fatty acids in leaves, whereas in berries, they were present in very low concentrations. On the contrary, in leaves, DUFAs were present in very low concentrations and MUFAs were not measured since the error associated with Equation (4) ( Section 3.4 of Materials and Methods) turned out to be higher than the MUFA value [ 18 ]. Since the quantification of organic extract metabolites is expressed relative to the sum of total metabolite intensities, a comparison between berries and leaves organic metabolites values can not be performed due to the absence of carotenoids in leaves.…”

“…In particular, high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI FT-ICR) mass spectrometry, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry was applied to obtain the metabolite profile of the hydroalcoholic and organic Bligh-Dyer method extracts. This multimethodological approach has been already exploited to other complex matrices, including essential oils [ 15 ] and foodstuffs [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], ensuring a reliable and extensive phytochemical coverage and quality assessment of the Lycium fruits analyzed from Central Italy. Finally, preliminary studies regarding both the metabolite profile of Goji leaves extracts [ 19 , 20 ] and the biological activity of Big Lifeberry berries was also carried out.…”