Characterization of maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (MAH-g-EPDM) based thermoplastic elastomers by formation of zinc ionomer

Choi, Sung‐Seen; Kwon, Hyuk-Min; Kim, Yeowool; Bae, Jeoung Won; Kim, Jung-Soo

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2013.03.011

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The significant decrease in elongation at break of the rubber was attributed to the blooming of Zn(St) 2 . As well as the role of vulcanization accelerator, Zn(St) 2 is a significant plasticizer in rubber that reduces intermolecular forces between polymer chains 34,35 . When the NBR was annealed at 85°C, the intensified reaction between ZnO and SA led to an increase in Zn(St) 2 and consequently an increase in δ k .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As well as the role of vulcanization accelerator, Zn(St) 2 is a significant plasticizer in rubber that reduces intermolecular forces between polymer chains. 34,35 When the NBR was annealed at 85 C, the intensified reaction between ZnO and SA led to an increase in Zn(St) 2 and consequently an increase in δ k . However, with more annealing, blooming of Zn(St) 2 made its content in the rubber decrease significantly, which resulted in a sharp decline in δ k .…”

Section: Tensile Property Change Of Nbr At Thermal Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on the blooming behavior of additives in nitrile butadiene rubber at elevated temperature

Wang,

Xia,

2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The degradation of rubber performance in service environments is closely associated with the blooming behavior of additives in the rubber. This study investigates surface precipitates and changes in tensile properties of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) after storage at 85°C in air. The morphology, elemental composition, phase composition, and functional groups of the precipitates were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Based on the morphology of internal rubber particles and precipitates and variations in the Zn/C mass ratio (ERZn), the reaction between zinc oxide and stearic acid in rubber under long‐term thermal environment was determined. Four stages of blooming for the mixture of zinc oxide and zinc stearate were inferred, and the impact of the blooming on the degradation of tensile properties of NBR was established. A dramatic decrease in the elongation at break (δk) of NBR was correlated with the blooming of zinc stearate and its correspondingly weakened plasticizing effect.Highlights The core‐shell structured mixture of ZnO and Zn(St)2 bloomed onto the surface of nitrile butadiene rubber. The ratio of mass percentages of Zn to C evaluated the blooming process of additives. The migration and blooming process of precipitates were divided into four stages. The decrease in elongation of the rubber was attributed to the blooming of Zn(St)2.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tensile Property Change Of Nbr At Thermal Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the blooming behavior of additives in nitrile butadiene rubber at elevated temperature

Wang,

Xia,

2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…Co., Anyang, Republic of Korea). Crosslink densities of the samples were measured by the swelling method [ 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Three parts of each abrasion sample were cut.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Abundance Ratio of Isoprene and Dipentene Produced from Wear Particles Composed of Natural Rubber by Pyrolysis Depending on the Particle Size and Thermal Aging

Jung

Choi

2023

Polymers

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Tire wear particles (TWPs) are generated by friction between the road and the tire. TWPs are one of the major microplastics found in environmental samples, such as road dust, particulate matter (PM), and sediment. TWP contents in environmental samples are generally analyzed using the pyrolysis technique. Tire tread compounds of heavy vehicles are usually composed of natural rubber (NR). Isoprene and dipentene are the principal pyrolysis products of NR, and dipentene is employed as the key marker for the determination of the TWP contents. In this study, an NR abrasion specimen was thermally aged, and an abrasion test was performed to obtain the wear particles. The influence of the wear particle size and thermal aging on the pyrolysis behavior of NR was investigated. The isoprene/dipentene ratio exponentially increased as the wear particle size decreased, and it was also increased by the thermal aging of the abrasion specimen. The increased isoprene/dipentene ratio by thermal aging was explained by increasing the crosslink density. Using the relationship between the wear particle size and the isoprene/dipentene ratio, it is possible to estimate the isoprene/dipentene ratio for very small TWP such as PM. The experimental results concluded that the wear particle size and thermal aging affect the formation of the key pyrogenic products, and the influencing factors should be considered for the quantification of TWP contents in the environmental samples.

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“…[47][48][49] Organic additives in the samples were removed by extracting with THF and n-hexane for 3 and 2 days, respectively, and they were dried for 2 days at room temperature. The weights of the organic materialsextracted samples were measured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Extender Oil on Properties of Solution Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Composites

Choi¹,

Ko²

2015

Elastomers and Composites

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Crosslink density of a rubber vulcanizate determines the chemical and physical properties, while bound rubber is an important factor to estimate reinforcement of a filled rubber compound. Extender oil is added to a raw rubber with very high molecular weight for improving processability of a rubber composite. Influence of extender oil on crosslink density, bound rubber formation, and physical properties of solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) composites with differing microstructures was investigated. Crosslink densities of non-oil-extended SSBR (NO-SSBR) vulcanizates were higher than those of oil-extended SSBR (OE-SSBR) ones. Bound rubber contents of NO-SSBR compounds were also greater than those of OE-SSBR ones. The experimental results could be explained by interfering of extender oil. The OE-SSBR vulcanizates had low modulus but long elongation at break, whereas the NO-SSBR ones had high modulus but short elongation at break. It was found that the crosslink densities affected the physical properties more than the bound rubber contents. The moduli increased with increase in the crosslink density irrespective of extender oil, while the elongation at break decreased. Each variation of the tensile strengths of NO-SSBR and OE-SSBR vulcanizates with the crosslink density showed a decreasing trend. Tear strength of the OE-SSBR vulcanizate increased with increase in the crosslink density, whereas variation of the tear strength of NO-SSBR vulcanizate with the crosslink density showed a weak decreasing trend.

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Characterization of maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (MAH-g-EPDM) based thermoplastic elastomers by formation of zinc ionomer

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

Investigation on the blooming behavior of additives in nitrile butadiene rubber at elevated temperature

Investigation on the blooming behavior of additives in nitrile butadiene rubber at elevated temperature

Variation in Abundance Ratio of Isoprene and Dipentene Produced from Wear Particles Composed of Natural Rubber by Pyrolysis Depending on the Particle Size and Thermal Aging

Influence of Extender Oil on Properties of Solution Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Composites

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