Characterization of Methane Emissions From Rice Production on a Clay Soil in Arkansas

Smartt, Alden D.; Brye, Kristofor R.; Rogers, Christopher W.; Norman, Richard; Gbur, Edward E.; Hardke, J. T.; Roberts, Trenton L.

doi:10.1097/ss.0000000000000139

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Gas sampling throughout the study occurred between 0800 and 1000 hours, similar to previous studies [30,32,48,49,51,52,53], in order to prevent excessive heating within the chambers during sampling. Gas samples for flux measurements occurred on approximately weekly intervals at 7,14,21,28,35,43,49,56,63,71, and 77 days after flooding (DAF) for the flooded duration of the study.…”

Section: Gas Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The seasonal pattern of CH 4 emissions increasing once the flood is applied, peaking near heading, then declining prior to flood release has been observed in numerous previous studies [30,32,49,51,53,59,60,61,62] and suggests that root exudates increase during vegetative growth providing substrate for methanogenesis and decrease again during grain fill as resources are translocated to the filling grains. Research conducted by Denier van der Gon et al [63] indicated that CH 4 emissions are related to allocation of photosynthetically derived C between roots and grains and that decreasing translocation of C to grains (i.e., removing florets prior to grain fill) causes an increase in C translocation to roots and an increase in CH 4 emissions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Season-long total CH 4 emissions were determined for each chamber by linear interpolation between flux measurement dates. More detailed descriptions of gas sampling and analysis procedures used in this study have been previously reported [32,49].…”

Section: Gas Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enclosed headspace chambers, as detailed by Livingston and Hutchinson [47] and similar to those used in previous studies [30,32,48,49], were used for collection of gas samples. This methodology is commonly used for measuring trace gas fluxes [50] and involves the use of 30-cm inner diameter (ID) polyvinyl chloride to create a permanent base collar, several sizes of chamber extensions to accommodate increasing plant growth over time, and a vented sampling cap to sample a portion of each plot.…”

Section: Gas Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gas samples for flux measurements occurred on approximately weekly intervals at 7,14,21,28,35,43,49,56,63,71, and 77 days after flooding (DAF) for the flooded duration of the study. Sampling intensity was increased after flood release to 80, 82, 83, 84, and 85 DAF [i.e., 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days after flood release (DAFR)] in an attempt to adequately quantify a post-flood-release pulse of CH4 that has commonly been observed in previous studies [32,48,49,51,54,55,56].…”

Section: Gas Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methane Emissions among Hybrid Rice Cultivars in the MidSouthern United States

A.D.¹,

K.R.²,

R.J.³

2018

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Abstract. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production systems have a greater global warming potential than upland row crops due to methane (CH4) emissions resulting from anaerobic conditions associated with flood-irrigated soils. Based on recent research indicating the potential for hybrid cultivars to mitigate CH4 emissions from rice, the objective of this study was to determine the influence of several commonly grown hybrid rice cultivars on CH4 fluxes and emissions from a silt-loam soil. Four cultivars were evaluated: the three hybrids CLXL729, CLXL745, and XL753 and the pure-line cultivar Roy J. Methane fluxes were determined by measuring changes in headspace CH4 concentrations over a period of 1 hour using 30-cm-inner-diameter polyvinyl chloride chambers. Only minor differences in CH4 fluxes occurred among the three hybrid cultivars, while the pure-line cultivar (Roy J) generally had greater (P < 0.05) fluxes. Peak CH4 fluxes occurred just after heading and were greater (P < 0.05) from Roy J (7.9 mg CH4-C m -2 h -1) than from the three hybrid cultivars, which did not differ and averaged 5.1 mg CH4-C m -2 h -1. Seasonal CH4 emissions were greater (P < 0.05) from Roy J (74.8 kg CH4-C ha -1 season -1 ) than from CLXL729, XL753, and CLXL745, which did not differ, and averaged 55.3, 53.0, and 48.9 kg CH4-C ha -1 season -1, respectively. Results of this study indicate the use of common hybrid cultivars may have potential for mitigation of CH4 emissions from rice production on silt-loam soils in the mid-southern United States.Keywords: Methane emissions, rice cultivar, hybrid rice, methane mitigation IntroductionRice (Oryza sativa L.) is the world's only major row crop that substantially contributes to global methane (CH 4 ) emissions. While most crops are grown under aerated soil conditions and act as net sinks for atmospheric CH 4 , the majority of rice throughout the globe is produced in flooded fields [1] and acts as a net source of CH 4 into the atmosphere. The anoxic conditions resulting from flooded soils lead to the production and release of CH 4 , a greenhouse gas with a global warming potential (GWP) 25 times stronger than carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) [2]. Due to the production of CH 4 , rice cultivation has been estimated to have a GWP 2.7 and 5.7 times stronger than the production of maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), respectively, with 90% of the GWP of rice systems attributed to CH 4 [3,4]. It has been estimated, on a global scale, that approximately half of all anthropogenic CH 4 emissions to the atmosphere are a direct result of agricultural activities [5,6] and that 22% of those agricultural CH 4 emissions occur due to rice cultivation [7]. Arkansas is the leading rice-producing state in the US, representing over 49% of harvested area in 2014 and resulting in an estimated 39% of total CH 4 emissions from rice cultivation in the US in 2014 [8].Methane emissions from a rice cultivation system are governed by the magnitude and balance between the two microbial processes of methanogenesis, the prod...

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Section: Gas Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Gas Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methane Emissions among Hybrid Rice Cultivars in the MidSouthern United States

A.D.¹,

K.R.²,

R.J.³

2018

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Multiyear methane and nitrous oxide emissions in different irrigation management under long‐term continuous rice rotation in Arkansas

et al. 2023

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Rice paddies are one of the major sources of anthropogenic methane (CH 4 ) emissions. The alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation management has been shown to reduce CH 4 emissions and total global warming potential (GWP) (CH 4 and nitrous oxide [N 2 O]). However, there is limited information about utilizing AWD management to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from commercial-scale continuous rice fields. This study was conducted for five consecutive growing seasons (2015-2019) on a pair of adjacent fields in a commercial farm in Arkansas under long-term continuous rice rotation irrigated with either continuously flooded (CF) or AWD conditions. The cumulative CH 4 emissions in the growing season across the two fields and 5 years ranged from 41 to 123 kg CH 4 -C ha −1 for CF and 1 to 73 kg CH 4 -C ha −1 for AWD. On average, AWD reduced CH 4 emissions by 73% relative to CH 4 emissions in CF fields. Compared to N 2 O emissions, CH 4 emissions dominated the GWP with an average contribution of 91% in both irrigation treatments. There was no significant variation in grain yield (7.3-11.9 Mg ha −1 ) or growing season N 2 O emissions (−0.02 to 0.51 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 ) between the irrigation treatments. The yield-scaled GWP was 368 and 173 kg CO 2 eq. Mg −1 season −1 for CF and AWD, respectively, showing the feasibility of AWD on a commercial farm to reduce the total GHG emissions while sustaining grain yield. Seasonal variations of GHG emissions observed within fields showed total GHG emissions were predominantly influenced by weather (precipitation) and crop and irrigation management. The influence of air temperature and floodwater heights on GHG emissions had high degree of variability among years and fields. These findings demonstrate that the use of multiyear GHG emission datasets could better capture variability of GHG emissions associated with rice production and could improve field verification of GHG emission models and scaling factors for commercial rice farms.

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The main drivers of methane emissions differ in the growing and flooded fallow seasons in Mediterranean rice fields

Martínez-Eixarch¹,

Alcaraz²,

Viñas

et al. 2021

Plant Soil

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Purpose To assess 1) the cumulative greenhouse gas emissions –GHG- and global warming potential (methane – CH4- and nitrous oxide) from rice fields in the growing and fallow seasons, and 2) the environmental and agronomic drivers of CH4 emissions, and their relative capacity to explain CH4 variation. Methods A two-year multisite field experiment covering the agronomic and environmental variability of a rice growing area in NE Iberian Peninsula was conducted with monthly samplings of GHG and monitoring of both environmental and agronomic factors. Information-theoretic framework analysis was used to assess the relative contribution of the environmental and agronomic variables on methane emissions. Results Two thirds of the CH4 is emitted in the fallow season. Edaphic factors exert more influence during the growing season whereas agronomic factors have a higher impact in the fallow. The implications of these findings on the design of improved mitigation options rice are discussed. Conclusions Soils with higher soil sulphate concentration, bulk density and clay content emit less CH4 in growing season. In the fallow season, the rates of both straw input and nitrogen fertilization stimulate CH4 emissions. Graphical abstract

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Characterization of Methane Emissions From Rice Production on a Clay Soil in Arkansas

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Methane Emissions among Hybrid Rice Cultivars in the MidSouthern United States

Methane Emissions among Hybrid Rice Cultivars in the MidSouthern United States

Multiyear methane and nitrous oxide emissions in different irrigation management under long‐term continuous rice rotation in Arkansas

The main drivers of methane emissions differ in the growing and flooded fallow seasons in Mediterranean rice fields

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