Characterization of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococci in the clinical setting: a multicentre study in Nigeria

Shittu, Adebayo; Oyedara, Omotayo Opemipo; Abegunrin, Fadekemi; Okon, Kenneth O.; Raji, Adeola; Taiwo, SS; Ogunsola, Folasade; Onyedibe, Kenneth I.; Elisha, G

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-12-286

Cited by 68 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…While similar findings have been reported from other studies on the molecular structure of African MSSA [10], [43], we did not observe S. aureus strains of MLST sequence types ST2250, and ST2277 in the present study. Of note, four hitherto undescribed spa types: t7834, t7835, t8034 and t8037, associated with ST2355, ST1, ST72 and ST152 respectively, were detected in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Characterization of Colonizing Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Surgical Wards' Patients in a Nigerian University Hospital

et al. 2013

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In contrast to developed countries, only limited data on the prevalence, resistance and clonal structure of Staphylococcus aureus are available for African countries. Since S. aureus carriage is a risk factor for postoperative wound infection, patients who had been hospitalized in surgical wards in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital were screened for S. aureus carriage. All S. aureus isolates were genotyped (spa, agr) and assigned to multilocus sequence types (MLST). Species affiliation, methicillin-resistance, and the possession of pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAg), exfoliative toxins (ETs) and Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) were analyzed. Of 192 patients screened, the S. aureus carrier rate was 31.8 % (n = 61). Of these isolates, 7 (11.5%) were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). The isolates comprised 24 spa types. The most frequent spa types were t064, t084, t311, and t1931, while the most prevalent MLST clonal complexes were CC5 and CC15. The most frequent PTSAg genes detected were seg/sei (41.0%) followed by seb (29.5%), sea (19.7%), seh (14.7%) and sec (11.5). The difference between the possession of classical and newly described PTSAg genes was not significant (63.9% versus 59.0% respectively; P = 0.602). PVL encoding genes were found in 39.3% isolates. All MRSA isolates were PVL negative, SCCmec types I and VI in MLST CC 5 and CC 30, respectively. Typing of the accessory gene regulator (agr) showed the following distribution: agr group 1 (n = 20), group II (n = 17), group III (n = 14) and group IV (n = 10). Compared to European data, enterotoxin gene seb and PVL-encoding genes were more prevalent in Nigerian methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates, which may therefore act as potential reservoir for PVL and PTSAg genes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Characterization of Colonizing Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Surgical Wards' Patients in a Nigerian University Hospital

et al. 2013

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“…The percentage of methicillin resistance was 3.7% in the 163 isolates from carriers and 11,1% in the 44 isolates from patients with an infection. Another study examined the molecular and resistance characteristics of staphylococcal clinical isolates collected in 8 hospitals in Nigeria in 2010 [66]. The percentage of methicillin resistance (confirmed with detection of the mecA gene) in 51 S. aureus isolates was 29,4%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRSA in Africa: Filling the Global Map of Antimicrobial Resistance

et al. 2013

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We sought to assess the prevalence of methicillin-resistance among Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Africa. We included articles published in 2005 or later reporting for the prevalence of MRSA among S. aureus clinical isolates. Thirty-two studies were included. In Tunisia, the prevalence of MRSA increased from 16% to 41% between 2002–2007, while in Libya it was 31% in 2007. In South Africa, the prevalence decreased from 36% in 2006 to 24% during 2007–2011. In Botswana, the prevalence varied from 23–44% between 2000–2007. In Algeria and Egypt, the prevalence was 45% and 52% between 2003–2005, respectively. In Nigeria, the prevalence was greater in the northern than the southern part. In Ethiopia and the Ivory Coast, the prevalence was 55% and 39%, respectively. The prevalence of MRSA was lower than 50% in most of the African countries, although it appears to have risen since 2000 in many African countries, except for South Africa.

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“…Cluster analysis of spa typing data was performed by application of the integrated Based Upon Repeat Patterns (BURP) algorithm as described elsewhere [16]. The associated MLST-based sequence types or MLST-CCs were allocated by the Ridom SpaServer (http://spaserver.ridom.de), retrieved from the literature [1, 3, 12, 17, 18], or derived from closely related spa -types.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally, Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for a variety of human infections including skin diseases, but also causing bacteraemia and sepsis [1]. In Ghana, S. aureus is the most frequently isolated pathogen from clinical specimens from hospitalized patients and ranks second among clinical isolates from outpatients [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance and clonal diversity of invasive Staphylococcus aureus in the rural Ashanti Region, Ghana

et al. 2016

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Background Staphylococcus aureus is among the most common pathogens isolated from blood cultures in Ghana; yet the epidemiology of blood infections in rural settings is poorly described. This study aims to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility and clonal diversity of S. aureus causing bloodstream infections in two hospitals in the Ashanti Region, Ghana.MethodsBlood cultures were performed for all febrile patients (≥37.5 °C) on hospital admission. Antibiotic susceptibility testing for S. aureus isolates was carried out by the VITEK 2 system. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect S. aureus-specific nuc gene, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)-specific mecA and mecC genes. The population structure of S. aureus was assessed by spa typing.ResultsIn total, 9,834 blood samples were cultured, out of which 0.6% (n = 56) were positive for S. aureus. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 35.7% (n = 20) of the S. aureus strains, of which one was a MRSA. The highest rate of antibiotic resistance was seen for commonly available antibiotics, including penicillin (n = 55; 98.2%), tetracycline (n = 32; 57.1%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 26; 46.4%). Of all S. aureus strains, 75.0% (n = 42) carried the PVL-encoding genes. We found 25 different spa types with t355 (n = 11; 19.6%), t314 (n = 8; 14.3%), t084 (n = 8; 14.3%) and t311 (n = 5; 8.9%) being predominant.ConclusionThe study exhibited an alarmingly large level of antibiotic resistance to locally available antibiotics. The frequency of genetically diverse and PVL-positive methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) was high and could represent a reservoir for the emergence of virulent PVL-positive MRSA clones.

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Characterization of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococci in the clinical setting: a multicentre study in Nigeria

Cited by 68 publications

References 44 publications

Characterization of Colonizing Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Surgical Wards' Patients in a Nigerian University Hospital

Characterization of Colonizing Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Surgical Wards' Patients in a Nigerian University Hospital

MRSA in Africa: Filling the Global Map of Antimicrobial Resistance

Antibiotic resistance and clonal diversity of invasive Staphylococcus aureus in the rural Ashanti Region, Ghana

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