Characterization of microfiltration membranes by image analysis of electron micrographs.

Zeman, Leos J.; Denault, Lauraine

doi:10.1016/0376-7388(92)80207-z

Cited by 67 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The difficulty lies with the low electron contrast of polymers, which does not allow the acquisition of high magnification images . SEM applications are various and focus on membrane structure characterization . The major drawback of this technique is, however, that polymeric membranes are not conductive and need to be coated.…”

Section: Membranes and Membrane Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Separation with Organic Solvent Nanofiltration: A Critical Review

et al. 2014

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Section: Membranes and Membrane Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Separation with Organic Solvent Nanofiltration: A Critical Review

et al. 2014

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“…Image analysis has been used to characterize the pore structure of synthetic membrane materials. 105 The Celgard films have also been characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. 53,106 The pore size of the Celgard membranes can also be calculated from eq 5, once the MacMullin number and gurley values are known.…”

Section: Tortuositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Separators

Arora¹,

Zhang²

2004

Chem. Rev.

1,958

1,474

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The ideal battery separator would be infinitesimally thin, offer no resistance to ionic transport in electrolytes, provide infinite resistance to electronic conductivity for isolation of electrodes, be highly tortuous to prevent dendritic growths, and be inert to chemical reactions. Unfortunately, in the real world the ideal case does not exist. Real world separators are electronically insulating membranes whose ionic resistivity is brought to the desired range by manipulating the membranes thickness and porosity. It is clear that no single separator satisfies all the needs of battery designers, and compromises have to be made. It is ultimately the application that decides which separator is most suitable. We hope that this paper will be a useful tool and will help the battery manufacturers in selecting the most appropriate separators for their batteries and respective applications. The information provided is purely technical and does not include other very important parameters, such as cost of production, availability, and long-term stability. There has been a continued demand for thinner battery separators to increase battery power and capacity. This has been especially true for lithiumion batteries used in portable electronics. However, it is very important to ensure the continued safety of batteries, and this is where the role of the separator is greatest. Thus, it is essential to optimize all the components of battery to improve the performance while maintaining the safety of these cells. Separator manufacturers should work along with the battery manufacturers to create the next generation of batteries with increased reliability and performance, but always keeping safety in mind. This paper has attempted to present a comprehensive review of literature on separators used in various batteries. It is evident that a wide variety of separators are available and that they are critical components in batteries. In many cases, the separator is one of the major factors limiting the life and/or performance of batteries. Consequently, development of new improved separators would be very beneficial for the advanced high capacity batteries.

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“…However, all UF membrane pore size cutoffs are nominal, based on if a single test-solute is > 90% rejected (Cheryan 1998). As mentioned above, technical references, as well as manufacturer recommendations, suggest using a membrane with a nominal pore size a factor of 10 below the desired particle sizes to be collected (e.g., Cheryan 1998;Zeman and Denault 1992). Based on this rubric, a 500 or 750 kD membrane would be expected to be much more appropriate for complete retention of ocean particles greater than 0.1 μm, with the added advantage of less expected fouling.…”

Section: Total Pom and Upom Recoveries-mentioning

confidence: 99%

A large‐volume microfiltration system for isolating suspended particulate organic matter: fabrication and assessment versus GFF filters in central North Pacific

Roland

McCarthy

Peterson

et al. 2009

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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We describe the construction and testing of a home-built ultrafiltration (UF) system, based on commercially available hollow fiber polysulfone membranes, for isolation of suspended particulate organic matter (POM susp ) from large volumes (2000-10,000 L) of ocean water. The overall apparatus consists of two sequential UF steps: a main filtration system (100 L reservoir) driven by a stainless steel centrifugal pump, and a subsequent reduction/diafiltration system (2 L reservoir) driven by a peristaltic pump. The system can be readily assembled using off-the-shelf parts at a fraction of the cost of commercial UF systems. Our system functioned comparably to previously described commercial units. We conducted a series of tests using both surface (21 m) and mesopelagic (674 m) N. Pacific central seawater from ocean pipeline sources at the Natural Energy Laboratory Authority of Hawaii (NELHA), while simultaneously collecting GFF-POM samples. We evaluated flow rates, fouling behavior, carbon and nitrogen recoveries and compositions, and also bacteria and virus retention of ultrafiltered-POM (UPOM) using both 0.1 μm and 500 kilodalton pore size membranes. We also compared composition of UPOM versus GFF-POM, finding clear differences, which also varied between surface and mesopelagic waters. Finally, to evaluate the appeal of large-volume filtrations at NELHA to study central N. Pacific Gyre POM susp , we compared our data with offshore station ALOHA.

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Characterization of microfiltration membranes by image analysis of electron micrographs.

Cited by 67 publications

References 4 publications

Molecular Separation with Organic Solvent Nanofiltration: A Critical Review

Molecular Separation with Organic Solvent Nanofiltration: A Critical Review

Battery Separators

A large‐volume microfiltration system for isolating suspended particulate organic matter: fabrication and assessment versus GFF filters in central North Pacific

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