Characterization of Er3+:YVO4 for microwave to optical transduction

Abstract

Quantum transduction between microwave and optical frequencies is important for connecting superconducting quantum platforms in a quantum network. Ensembles of rare-earth ions are promising candidates to achieve this conversion due to their collective coherent properties at microwave and optical frequencies. Erbium ions are of particular interest because of their telecom wavelength optical transitions that are compatible with fiber communication networks. Here, we report the optical and electron spin properties of erbium doped yttrium orthovanadate (Er 3+ :YVO4), including high-resolution optical spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance studies and an initial demonstration of microwave to optical conversion of classical fields. The highly absorptive optical transitions and narrow ensemble linewidths make Er 3+ :YVO4 promising for magneto-optic quantum transduction.

Formation of Au@Ag Bimetallic Nanoparticles via Ion Implantation and Its Effects on Boosting the Near-Infrared Emission of Er3+ Ions in Germanate Glass for Applications in Optical Amplifiers

“…Trivalent rare-earth ions (RE 3+ ) incorporated into different host materials have been widely studied in the last decades because of their appealing luminescent properties, which are highly suitable for applications in different optoelectronic devices such as laser lighting, photovoltaic applications, optical communication devices, optical memory, data storage devices, optical bioimaging, and optical amplifiers. − Within the host materials, vitreous systems stand out for their structural and optical properties suitable for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices such as laser rods and optical fibers with different dimensions for laser emission and optical amplifiers . Optimizing the spectroscopic properties of RE 3+ doping ions in different vitreous systems has been quite a challenge, hence the importance of studying the structural properties of the different glass-forming systems which play an important role in the luminescence efficiency of RE 3+ ions. − Within oxide glasses, germanate glasses present excellent spectroscopic performance compared to traditional vitreous families such as silicate, borate, and phosphate glasses. , …”

Nanocavity-Mediated Purcell Enhancement of Er in TiO2 Thin Films Grown via Atomic Layer Deposition

“…Future quantum networks may bring tremendous improvement to realms of secure communication, distributed quantum computing, and remote quantum sensing . In order for quantum networks to achieve reliable information transfer over long distances with suitable bandwidth, the network nodes must eventually employ quantum repeaters to overcome lossy single photon channels. − Trivalent erbium (Er 3+ or Er for brevity) is a workhorse emitter used in traditional telecommunications technology, and Er ions have recently emerged as promising communication qubits due to their narrow telecom C-band optical transition , and long electron spin coherence times. − Individual Er ions have already shown promise as a quantum memory element in repeaters, demonstrating storage via the spin state for use in future entanglement swapping protocols. − In addition, photonics-integrated ensembles of Er ions have also been applied in microwave-to-optical quantum state transduction, − to address the challenge of interfacing the optical photons used in quantum networks (∼195 THz) with processing nodes operating at microwave frequencies (∼10 GHz). However, despite these benefits, the long-lived optical lifetime of the telecom C-band transition has limited its development as nanophotonic cavities are necessary to enhance light–matter interactions and greatly decrease the photon excited state lifetime via Purcell enhancement.…”

Purcell Enhancement of Erbium Ions in TiO2 on Silicon Nanocavities

“…One direct way to reduce the radiative lifetime is to use an optical cavity to enhance the emission through the Purcell effect . The majority of Purcell enhancement studies on rare earth ions have involved devices derived from rare earth-doped bulk crystals, such as heterogeneous integration with deposited amorphous Si resonators or bonded Si photonics, , focused ion beam milling of bulk crystals, ,− or incorporating relatively small erbium-doped samples into tunable distributed Bragg reflector-based fiber cavities. , These approaches are all appealing because they leverage the generally good performance of well-studied host materials for Er 3+ (Y 2 SiO 5 , ,,, YVO 4 , CaWO 4 , ). Furthermore, these prior approaches have led to important cutting-edge demonstrations toward single rare-earth ion quantum memories, including single-shot spin state readout. ,, However, such approaches may not allow for the on-chip scalability needed for wide deployment of quantum memories in large-scale quantum networks.…”