Characterization of model samples simulating degradation processes induced by iron and sulfur species on waterlogged wood

Monachon, Mathilde; Albelda-Berenguer, Magdalena; Pelé, Charlène; Cornet, Emilie; Guilminot, Élodie; Rémazeilles, C.; Joseph, Edith

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2020.104756

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In anoxic environments with low redox potentials, sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) compete with other anaerobes, and in conditions of high sulphate concentration, SRB can outcompete such organisms, resulting in the enrichment of H 2 S in the local environment [46], which inhibits the activity of aerobic microorganisms. Where iron is present, the H 2 S reacts with Fe 2+ to produce iron sulphides, such as pyrite (FeS 2 ), mackinawite (FeS), or greigite (Fe 3 S 4 ) [47]. Iron is a common contaminant in waterlogged wood, especially associated with shipwrecks, although iron concentrations in wood can vary considerably between and within sites [48].…”

Section: Waterlogged Wood Sulphur and Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment of wood with FeCl 2 was also found to enhance oxygen consumption markedly, although co-addition of calcium chloride had a slight inhibitory effect. A model study of the effect of deposited sulphur and iron on the degradation of archaeological wood was undertaken by treating balsa wood with reduced iron and sulphur species which concluded that this approach was viable to study the degradation of archaeological samples [47].…”

Section: Degradation Of Consolidated Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Conservation of Waterlogged Wood—Past, Present and Future Perspectives

Broda

Hill

2021

Forests

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reviews the degradation, preservation and conservation of waterlogged archaeological wood. Degradation due to bacteria in anoxic and soft-rot fungi and bacteria in oxic waterlogged conditions is discussed with consideration of the effect on the chemical composition of wood, as well as the deposition of sulphur and iron within the structure. The effects on physical properties are also considered. The paper then discusses the role of consolidants in preserving waterlogged archaeological wood after it is excavated as well as issues to be considered when reburial is used as a means of preservation. The use of alum and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as consolidants is presented along with various case studies with particular emphasis on marine artefacts. The properties of consolidated wood are examined, especially with respect to the degradation of the wood post-conservation. Different consolidants are reviewed along with their use and properties. The merits and risks of reburial and in situ preservation are considered as an alternative to conservation.

show abstract

Section: Waterlogged Wood Sulphur and Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Degradation Of Consolidated Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of Waterlogged Wood—Past, Present and Future Perspectives

Broda

Hill

2021

Forests

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2019a; Monachon et al . 2020a,b). The development of a green and sustainable extraction method able to remove sulphur compounds using T. denitrificans , on model sample, like enriched oak samples impregnated with a solution containing iron (II) and sulfides, was evaluated at lab scale.…”

Section: Excursus Of the Biocleaning Case Studies On Ch Artworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocleaning on Cultural Heritage: new frontiers of microbial biotechnologies

Ranalli

Zanardini

2021

J Appl Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over the last two decades, the biotechnologies applied to Cultural heritage (CH) have become a successful novel alternative to the traditional approaches in the CH conservation and preservation. From these new perspectives, microorganisms and their metabolisms can be used for the safeguarding of artworks. Biocleaning is a field with a growing interest, based on eco-friendly processes and safe procedures, where biological reactions occurring in natural habitats are optimized in artificial conditions with the aim of CH conservation. This represents a new tool and opportunity for the development and improvement of the sector, with a great advantage for the CH conservationrestoration, in terms of safety, effectiveness, costs and environmental sustainability. This review focuses on the use of microbes and enzymes involved in biocleaning of CH artworks. The aim is to provide a comprehensive, critical and chronological view of the scientific works published until now where 'virtuous' microorganisms are applied on different CH materials, pointing out strength and drawback of the biocleaning treatments.

show abstract

“…The samples were first immersed under vacuum (−600 mbars) in a solution of FeCl 2 •4H 2 O 0.5 M for 4 h, oven-dried overnight at 50°C, then immersed under vacuum (−600 mbars) in a solution of Na 2 S•9H 2 O 0.5 M for 4 h. For sets C and F (archeological samples), no drying overnight was applied to avoid an eventual collapse of these fragile samples. Fresh wood samples (sets B and E) were previously immersed in deionized water for a week to enhance wood degradation [55].…”

Section: Mock-ups Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an alternative biotreatment for the extraction of harmful iron and sulfur species from waterlogged wood

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An innovative bioextraction method was tested and compared to common chemical extraction for the preservation of waterlogged archeological wood (WAW) artifacts. During burial, WAW artifacts accumulate iron and sulfur species forming iron sulfides. These compounds are harmless in the burial environment, where the oxygen content is low. But upon excavation, the WAW undergoes the oxidation of these compounds, and thus, irreversible physical and chemical damages occur. Fresh and archeological oak and pine samples were selected as representative species of WAW artifacts. Fresh samples were previously artificially contaminated to ascertain the presence of iron and sulfur. Thiobacillus denitrificans and natural iron chelators, called siderophores, were investigated to extract iron and sulfur as a 2-step biological treatment (BT) and compared to sodium persulfate–EDTA as chemical treatment (CT). Consolidation and freeze-drying were performed on the samples after BT and CT as traditional conservation protocols. BT and CT efficiency was evaluated through Raman, inductively coupled plasma–optical emission (ICP-OES), and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. Raman and ICP showed that most of the iron and sulfur was extracted after BT, while some sulfur species remained present on CT samples. None of the extraction methods resulted in a degradation of the wood, as ascertained by FTIR analyses. Yet, all samples presented visual modifications after conservation. Pine samples treated with BT illustrated the oxidation of the species. Present principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) which were selected as statistical approaches and validated BT as a promising alternative extraction method, with encouraging extraction rates and less alteration of the sample appearance.

show abstract

Characterization of model samples simulating degradation processes induced by iron and sulfur species on waterlogged wood

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Conservation of Waterlogged Wood—Past, Present and Future Perspectives

Conservation of Waterlogged Wood—Past, Present and Future Perspectives

Biocleaning on Cultural Heritage: new frontiers of microbial biotechnologies

Evaluation of an alternative biotreatment for the extraction of harmful iron and sulfur species from waterlogged wood

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About