Characterization of motor patterns in isolated human colon: are there differences in patients with slow-transit constipation?

Spencer, Nick J.; Kyloh, Melinda; Wattchow, David; Thomas, Anthony; Sia, TC; Brookes, Simon Jonathan; Nicholas, Sarah

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00319.2011

Cited by 49 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…71,85 However, the delay between CMMCs measured at different points down the empty isolated human colon appears to be considerably shorter than those observed in vivo (Fig. 2B), 71,85 suggesting: (1) because the isolated colons were empty descending inhibition was not effectively activated by colonic content. In fact, CMMCs observed in the isolated human colon appear to propagate in both an oral or anal direction, (2) mucosal release of 5-HT could have been compromised because of hypoxic conditions within the colonic tube because the lumen does not appear to have been perfused and (3) activation of parasympathetic nerves in vivo is necessary for strong activation of IMNs, as it appears to be in the esophagus.…”

Section: Colonic Migrating Motor Complexes In the Isolated Human Colonmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…2C) and are similarly coordinated over long lengths of the large intestine. 71,85 Moreover, intraluminal distension initiates a premature CMMC that is also preceded by a brief relaxation phase, i.e., distension activates descending inhibitory and ascending excitatory nerve pathways. 71,85 However, the delay between CMMCs measured at different points down the empty isolated human colon appears to be considerably shorter than those observed in vivo (Fig.…”

Section: Colonic Migrating Motor Complexes In the Isolated Human Colonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…71,85 Moreover, intraluminal distension initiates a premature CMMC that is also preceded by a brief relaxation phase, i.e., distension activates descending inhibitory and ascending excitatory nerve pathways. 71,85 However, the delay between CMMCs measured at different points down the empty isolated human colon appears to be considerably shorter than those observed in vivo (Fig. 2B), 71,85 suggesting: (1) because the isolated colons were empty descending inhibition was not effectively activated by colonic content.…”

Section: Colonic Migrating Motor Complexes In the Isolated Human Colonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 In the isolated human colon from colectomy patients with STC, CMMCs (HAPCs) occurred at a similar frequency and duration as those in mice, but appeared to occur synchronously rather than propagating over long lengths of colon. 71,85 Furthermore, there were a number of spurious contractions between their CMMCs in colons from patients with STC, 71 suggesting that tonic inhibition might be compromised. Importantly intraluminal distension evoked a premature CMMC but not the preceding inhibitory response, 85 suggesting that in these colectomy patients with STC, as in the POM-STC mice, the ascending excitatory nerve pathways are intact, but the descending inhibitory nerve pathways appear to be suppressed.…”

Section: High Amplitude Propagating Contractions Slow Transit Constimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colonic Migrating Motor Complexes, High Amplitude Propagating Contractions, Neural Reflexes and the Importance of Neuronal and Mucosal Serotonin

Smith

Park

Hennig

2014

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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The colonic migrating motor complex (CMMC) is a critical neurally mediated rhythmic propulsive contraction observed in the large intestine of many mammals. It seems to be equivalent to the high amplitude propagating contractions (HAPCs) in humans. This review focuses on the probable neural mechanisms involved in producing the CMMC or HAPC, their likely dependence on mucosal and neuronal serotonin and pacemaker insterstitial cells of Cajal networks and how intrinsic neural reflexes affect them. Discussed is the possibility that myenteric 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons are not only involved in tonic inhibition of the colon, but are also involved in generating the CMMC and modulation of the entire enteric nervous system, including coupling motility to secretion and blood flow. Mucosal 5-HT appears to be important for the initiation and effective propagation of CMMCs, although this mechanism is a longstanding controversy since the 1950s, which we will address. We argue that the slow apparent propagation of the CMMC/HAPC down the colon is unlikely to result from a slowly conducting wave front of neural activity, but more likely because of an interaction between ascending excitatory and descending (serotonergic) inhibitory neural pathways interacting both within the myenteric plexus and at the level of the muscle. That is, CMMC/HAPC propagation appears to be similar to esophageal peristalsis. The suppression of inhibitory (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) motor neurons and mucosal 5-HT release by an upregulation of prostaglandins has important implications in a number of gastrointestinal disorders, especially slow transit constipation.

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Section: Colonic Migrating Motor Complexes In the Isolated Human Colonmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Colonic Migrating Motor Complexes In the Isolated Human Colonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Colonic Migrating Motor Complexes In the Isolated Human Colonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: High Amplitude Propagating Contractions Slow Transit Constimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Colonic Migrating Motor Complexes, High Amplitude Propagating Contractions, Neural Reflexes and the Importance of Neuronal and Mucosal Serotonin

Smith

Park

Hennig

2014

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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“…Slow myogenic contractions in the human colon can be triggered prematurely by enteric neural stimulation (6). A study of larger specimens of human colon in vitro showed cyclic propagating contractions that could be recorded over large distances and that could also be phase-advanced by enteric nerve stimulation (41). These myogenic events in human colon are clearly influenced by enteric neuronal activity but are not dependent on it.…”

Section: Myogenic Activity and Carbacholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenic and myogenic motor activity in the colon of the guinea pig, mouse, rabbit, and rat

Costa

Dodds

Wiklendt

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

106

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Costa M, Dodds KN, Wiklendt L, Spencer NJ, Brookes SJ, Dinning PG. Neurogenic and myogenic motor activity in the colon of the guinea pig, mouse, rabbit, and rat. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 305: G749 -G759, 2013. First published September 19, 2013 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00227.2013.-Gastrointestinal motility involves interactions between myogenic and neurogenic processes intrinsic to the gut wall. We have compared the presence of propagating myogenic contractions of the isolated colon in four experimental animals (guinea pig, mouse, rabbit, and rat), following blockade of enteric neural activity. Isolated colonic preparations were distended with fluid, with the anal end either closed or open. Spatiotemporal maps of changes in diameter were constructed from video recordings. Distension-induced peristaltic contractions were abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX; 0.6 M) in all animal species. Subsequent addition of carbachol (0.1-1 M) did not evoke myogenic motor patterns in the mouse or guinea pig, although some activity was observed in rabbit and rat colon. These myogenic contractions propagated both orally and anally and differed from neurogenic propagating contractions in their frequency, extent of propagation, and polarity. Niflumic acid (300 M), used to block myogenic activity, also blocked neural peristalsis and thus cannot be used to discriminate between these mechanisms. In all species, except the mouse colon, small myogenic "ripple" contractions were revealed in TTX, but in both rat and rabbit an additional, higher-frequency ripple-type contraction was superimposed. Following blockade of enteric nerve function, a muscarinic agonist can evoke propulsive myogenic peristaltic contractions in isolated rabbit and rat colon, but not in guinea pig or mouse colon. Marked differences between species exist in the ability of myogenic mechanisms to propel luminal content, but in all species there is normally a complex interplay between neurogenic and myogenic processes. colon motility; enteric neurons; spatiotemporal maps; peristalsis COLONIC MOTILITY IS CONTROLLED by complex interactive processes in the gut, involving both nerve cells (neurogenic) and spontaneous muscle activity (myogenic). A number of studies have characterized fundamental mechanisms in the colon of the guinea pig, mouse, and rabbit and have shown that propagating contractions underlying peristalsis, or other propulsive motor patterns, require activity in the enteric nervous system (8,11,13,14,17,25).In recent papers, Huizinga et al. (20) and Chen et al. (7) produced evidence that challenges this principle. In the rat colon, in vitro, they showed that, after blocking peristalsis with antagonists of enteric neuronal activity [tetrodotoxin (TTX) or lidocaine], addition of a cholinergic agonist induced a recovery in propagating contractions. From these data they suggested that networks of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) work cooperatively with the enteric nervous system to create colonic motor patterns and that the main propulsive mechanism is the ...

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Constipation

Evans-Barns

King²,

Southwell³

et al. 2023

Pediatric Surgery

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Characterization of motor patterns in isolated human colon: are there differences in patients with slow-transit constipation?

Abstract: Spencer NJ, Kyloh M, Wattchow DA, Thomas A, Sia TC, Brookes SJ, Nicholas SJ. Characterization of motor patterns in isolated human colon: are there differences in patients with slow-transit constipation?

Cited by 49 publications

References 32 publications

Colonic Migrating Motor Complexes, High Amplitude Propagating Contractions, Neural Reflexes and the Importance of Neuronal and Mucosal Serotonin

Colonic Migrating Motor Complexes, High Amplitude Propagating Contractions, Neural Reflexes and the Importance of Neuronal and Mucosal Serotonin

Neurogenic and myogenic motor activity in the colon of the guinea pig, mouse, rabbit, and rat

Constipation

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