Characterization of nanocellulose extracted from short, medium and long grain rice husks

Rashid, Sumira; Dutta, Himjyoti

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112627

Cited by 147 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…The dimensions of the balsa and kapok CNCs depend on the raw material and oxidation time ( Table 1 ). According to Rashid and Dutta [ 31 ], the diameter of CNCs is affected by the width of the cell wall of the raw material. Kapok fibers produce CNCs with smaller diameters than balsa fibers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could be affected by performing the delignification process before the APS oxidation method in the fibers. The higher ZP value produced strong electrostatic repulsive forces between the CNCs, reduced the light scattering of the CNCs, and hindered their aggregation [ 31 ]. Generally, a stable suspension of nanocellulose shows a zeta potential value lower than −25.0 mV [ 16 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Oxidation Time on the Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Prepared from Balsa and Kapok Fibers Using Ammonium Persulfate

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ammonium persulfate’s (APS) oxidation time on the characteristics of the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) of balsa and kapok fibers after delignification pretreatment with sodium chlorite/acetic acid. This two-step method is important for increasing the zeta potential value and achieving higher thermal stability. The fibers were partially delignified using acidified sodium chlorite for four cycles, followed by APS oxidation at 60 °C for 8, 12, and 16 h. The isolated CNCs with a rod-like structure showed an average diameter in the range of 5.5–12.6 nm and an aspect ratio of 14.7–28.2. Increasing the reaction time resulted in a gradual reduction in the CNC dimensions. The higher surface charge of the balsa and kapok CNCs was observed at a longer oxidation time. The CNCs prepared from kapok had the highest colloid stability after oxidation for 16 h (−62.27 mV). The CNCs with higher crystallinity had longer oxidation times. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the CNCs with a higher thermal stability had longer oxidation times. All of the parameters were influenced by the oxidation time. This study indicates that APS oxidation for 8–16 h can produce CNCs from delignified balsa and kapok with satisfactory zeta potential values and thermal stabilities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Oxidation Time on the Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Prepared from Balsa and Kapok Fibers Using Ammonium Persulfate

et al. 2021

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“…A peak at 896 cm −1 is related to β-glycosidic linkage between the glucose rings of cellulose. [ 19 ] This indicates that the cellulose is made up of a linkage bond of saccharides that formed polysaccharides. Meanwhile, the peak that appears at 1330–1369 cm −1 represents the bending vibration of the C-H and C-O groups of aromatic rings in polysaccharides [ 20 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of OPEFB-Derived Microcrystalline Cellulose and Nano-Bentonite for Development of Thermoplastic Starch Hybrid Bio-Composites with Improved Performance

et al. 2021

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Thermoplastic starch (TPS) hybrid bio-composite films containing microcrystalline cellulose (C) and nano-bentonite (B) as hybrid fillers were studied to replace the conventional non-degradable plastic in packaging applications. Raw oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) was subjected to chemical treatment and acid hydrolysis to obtain C filler. B filler was ultra-sonicated for better dispersion in the TPS films to improve the filler–matrix interactions. The morphology and structure of fillers were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). TPS hybrid bio-composite films were produced by the casting method with different ratios of B and C fillers. The best ratio of B/C was determined through the data of the tensile test. FTIR analysis proved the molecular interactions between the TPS and the hybrid fillers due to the presence of polar groups in their structure. XRD analysis confirmed the intercalation of the TPS chains between the B inter-platelets as a result of well-developed interactions between the TPS and hybrid fillers. SEM images suggested that more plastic deformation occurred in the fractured surface of the TPS hybrid bio-composite film due to the higher degree of stretching after being subjected to tensile loading. Overall, the results indicate that incorporating the hybrid B/C fillers could tremendously improve the mechanical properties of the films. The best ratio of B/C in the TPS was found to be 4:1, in which the tensile strength (8.52MPa), Young’s modulus (42.0 MPa), elongation at break (116.4%) and tensile toughness of the film were increased by 92%, 146%, 156% and 338%, respectively. The significantly improved strength, modulus, flexibility and toughness of the film indicate the benefits of using the hybrid fillers, since these features are useful for the development of sustainable flexible packaging film.

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“…For the production of low-cost products, however, it is important that locally available materials, including waste materials are explored as these are often abundant and lower in cost. The extraction of cellulose from agricultural wastes including sugarcane bagasse, wheat and rice straw, jute and hemp fibres, as well as pineapple and palm leaves has been reported ( Cherian et al, 2010 ; El Achaby et al, 2018 ; Kassab et al, 2020a ; Kassab et al, 2020b ; Kassab et al, 2019 ; Mandal & Chakrabarty, 2011 ; Rashid & Dutta, 2020 ; Silvério et al, 2013 ). The application of cellulose from these waste materials for water treatment is of increasing scientific interest due to the potential affordability of adsorbent materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and application of cationised cellulose for removal of Cr(VI) from acid mine-drainage contaminated water

Etale¹,

Nhlane²,

Mosai³

et al. 2021

AAS Open Res

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Background: Acid mine drainage (AMD) leads to contamination of surface and ground water by high levels of toxic metals including chromium. In many cases, these waters are sources of drinking water for communities, and treatment is therefore required before consumption to prevent negative health effects. Methods: Cationised hemp cellulose was prepared by etherification with two quaternary ammonium salts: 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and examined for (i) the efficiency of Cr(VI) removal under acid mine-drainage (AMD) conditions, and (ii) antibacterial activity. Adsorbents were characterised by electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), CP-MAS 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, elemental composition and surface charge. Results: FTIR and solid state 13C NMR confirmed the introduction of quaternary ammonium moieties on cellulose. 13C NMR also showed that cationisation decreased the degree of crystallisation and lateral dimensions of cellulose fibrils. Nevertheless, 47 % - 72 % of Cr(VI) ions were removed from solutions at pH 4, by 0.1 g of CHPTAC and GTMAC-cationised cellulose, respectively. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model and isotherms were best described by the Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. When GTMAC-modified cellulose was applied to AMD contaminated water (pH 2.7); however, Cr(VI) removal decreased to 22% likely due to competition from Al and Fe ions. Cationised materials displayed considerable antibacterial effects, reducing the viability of Escherichia coli by up to 45 % after just 3 hours of exposure. Conclusions: Together, these results suggest that cationised cellulose can be applied in the treatment of Cr(VI)-contaminated mine water particularly if pre-treatments to reduce Fe and Al concentrations are applied.

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Characterization of nanocellulose extracted from short, medium and long grain rice husks

Cited by 147 publications

References 50 publications

Effect of Oxidation Time on the Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Prepared from Balsa and Kapok Fibers Using Ammonium Persulfate

Effect of Oxidation Time on the Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Prepared from Balsa and Kapok Fibers Using Ammonium Persulfate

On the Use of OPEFB-Derived Microcrystalline Cellulose and Nano-Bentonite for Development of Thermoplastic Starch Hybrid Bio-Composites with Improved Performance

Synthesis and application of cationised cellulose for removal of Cr(VI) from acid mine-drainage contaminated water

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