Characterization of nanocrystalline PbS thin films prepared using microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition

Effect of annealing temperature on optical and electrical properties of lead sulfide thin films

“…The various types of transitions for crystalline thin films can be determined using the following relation [2]. that m e ⁎ and m h ⁎ are electron and hole effective masses respectively.…”

Control of morphology and optical properties of PbS nanostructured thin films by deposition parameters: study of mechanism

“…Previous studies showed that round particles are indicative of the cluster mechanism and ion-by-ion mechanism is slower than cluster mechanism and leads to larger particles [2,21,22,24]. Consequently, it can be concluded that thin films deposit at room temperature for 30-min growth by cluster mechanism.…”

“…Prior to deposition, substrates were cleaned with the cleaning procedure of Obeid et al In brief, substrates were washed with hot distilled water, immersed in 20% HCl for 24 hr, and washed with acetone. Then the substrates were cleaned ultrasonically with deionized water (DI) water for 20 min [2].…”

“…PbS is an important binary IV-VI semiconductor material with a rather small band gap (0.41 eV at 300 K) and relatively large exciton Bohr radius (18-20 nm) [1], which results in good quantum confinement of both holes and electrons in nano-sized structures [2]. These inherent properties make PbS one of the most important functional materials used as thin films for several applications such as IR detectors [3], photovoltaic cells [4], thinfilm transistors [5], LEDs [6], gas and biosensors [7][8][9][10][11][12], and photonic crystals [13].…”

“…In recent years, various techniques have been used to deposit PbS thin films including microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition (CBD) [2], successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique [14][15][16][17], atomic layer epitaxial process [18], pulse electro-deposition [19], spray pyrolysis [20] and chemical bath deposition.…”