Characterization of neutrophil activation by repeated injection of endotoxin in rabbits. Role of neutrophils in the generalized Shwartzman reaction

Toh, Hiroto; Miyata, Tatsuya; Torisu, Motomichi

doi:10.1002/jlb.53.3.256

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Thus, one concept for the pathophysiology of LcV in the Shw‐r would encompass that the sustained expression of E‐selectin and VCAM‐1 at the site of priming results in raised number of PMN adherent to the vascular wall, which are then activated by systemic LPS to adhere more tightly and, at the same time, to degranulate close to endothelial cells, releasing cytotoxic substances. Neutralization of Mac‐1 or genetic deletion of ICAM‐1 has also been found to inhibit LPS‐induced inflammations in different species (32, 44–46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different pathways leading to cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis in mice

Sunderkötter

Seeliger

Schönlau

et al. 2001

Experimental Dermatology

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To investigate the pathomechanisms of leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LcV) we compared mouse models of LcV with non-vasculitic irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). Criteria for LcV as met by the immune complex-mediated Arthus reaction (Art-r) were also fulfilled by the localized Shwartzman reaction (Shw-r) and by cutaneous Loxoscelism (Lox) (injection of venom from Loxosceles reclusa containing sphingomyelinase D). After depletion of PMN (by gamma-irradiation) vessel damage could not be elicited in these models, distinguishing them from models of direct endothelial insult (necrotizing ICD). Depletion of complement could only delay, but not inhibit the Art-r, and did not change ICD, Lox or the Shw-r. The Shw-r exclusively revealed a sustained local expression of vascular adhesion molecules for 24 h in the preparatory phase (LPS s.c.), not observed in the Art-r, in Lox or ICD. Subsequent challenge with LPS i.p. was associated with upregulation of Mac-1 and ICAM-1 on PMN, but not of VLA-4 or LFA-1 (FACS analysis). Cytokines which were able to replace LPS in priming for LcV in the Shw-r (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) also induced sustained expression of adhesion molecules, whereas IL-12 and IFN-gamma did neither. Neutralizing IL-12 or IFN-gamma also inhibited neither LcV nor sustained expression of adhesion molecules, whereas anti-TNF-alpha inhibited both. Anti-TNF-alpha had no marked inhibitory effects in the Art-r, in Lox or ICD. Combined (but not separate) neutralization of both E-selectin and VCAM-1 by antibodies suppressed LcV independent from reducing influx of PMN, proving that their sustained expression is decisive for the Shw-r and interferes with normal diapedesis. Since Loxosceles venom is known to dysregulate diapedesis and degranulation of PMN in vitro, since adherent immune complexes activate PMN at the vessel wall, and since adhesion molecules are dysregulated in the Shw-r, we suggest that LcV develops when activation of PMN coincides with vascular alterations which interfere with normal diapedesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different pathways leading to cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis in mice

Sunderkötter

Seeliger

Schönlau

et al. 2001

Experimental Dermatology

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“…The apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in GSR was histologically accompanied by vascular occlusion, hemorrhage, and perivascular accumulation of leukocytes [5]. In particular, perivascular accumulation and adhesion of leukocytes were often observed at the endothelium of GSR‐induced mice and seemed to be a possible cause of vascular damages in GSR [5, 6]. Based on the histological findings in the preceding paper, it was likely that adhesion molecules mediating the binding of leukocytes to vascular endothelial cells might be involved in vascular injuries of GSR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on vascular endothelial cells and renal tubular cells in the generalized Shwartzman reaction as an experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation model

Koide

Abe

Narita

et al. 1997

FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol

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The participation of adhesion molecules in systemic vascular injuries of the generalized Shwartzman reaction was studied. The generalized Shwartzman reaction was induced in mice by two consecutive injections of lipopolysaccharide. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was expressed on vascular endothelial cells, renal tubular cells and alveolar wall in generalized Shwartzman reaction-induced mice. The preparative injection of lipopolysaccharides induced ICAM-1 expression in those cells, and the provocative injection of lipopolysaccharides for the generalized Shwartzman reaction augmented it further. The simultaneous administration of anti-gamma interferon antibody with the preparative injection of lipopolysaccharides completely inhibited ICAM-1 expression on vascular endothelial cells. The injection of recombinant gamma interferon in replacement of lipopolysaccharides resulted in ICAM-1 expression. The administration of anti-ICAM-1 antibody together with the provocative injection of lipopolysaccharides significantly blocked the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in generalized Shwartzman reaction-induced mice. It was suggested that ICAM-1 expression on vascular endothelial cells might be involved in systemic vascular injuries of the generalized Shwartzman reaction, and that it might be regulated by gamma interferon.

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“…GLUT3 is the transporter isoform characteristic for cells with high glucose demands such as neurons or tumor cells, 12 because of its high substrate affinity. Granulocytes and monocytes are increased in number during pregnancy, 13 , 14 suggesting that these cells are activated and thus require increasing levels of glucose for ATP production, 15 which especially applies to cells depending almost exclusively on glycolysis. In this context, it is intriguing that the fluctuation of monocyte GLUT3 expression levels during pregnancy demonstrated here fits exactly with a marked increase in monocyte numbers until the second trimester, followed by a gradual decrease towards term 13…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%