Characterization of new epidemic strains of influenza B virus by using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies

Nakagawa, Naoko; Kubota, Ritsuko; Morikawa, Saeko; Nakagawa, Toshimasa; Baba, Koichi; Okuno, Yoshinobu

doi:10.1002/jmv.2099

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The overall structure of unliganded B/HK HA is very similar to the receptor-bound structures reported earlier (95). However, several regions [HA 1 (43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62), HA 1 (73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79), HA 1 (139-152), HA 1 (226-241), HA 1 (283-289), and HA 2 (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)] display large deviations between the unliganded and avian receptorbound structures and between the avian and human receptorbound structures when the full-length proteins are aligned (Fig. 1c).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Crystal Structure of Unliganded Influenza B Virus Hemagglutinin

Wang

Cheng

et al. 2008

J Virol

125

141

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Here we report the crystal structure of hemagglutinin (HA) from influenza B/Hong Kong/8/73 (B/HK) virus determined to 2.8 Å. At a sequence identity of ϳ25% to influenza A virus HAs, B/HK HA shares a similar overall structure and domain organization. More than two dozen amino acid substitutions on influenza B virus HAs have been identified to cause antigenicity alteration in site-specific mutants, monoclonal antibody escape mutants, or field isolates. Mapping these substitutions on the structure of B/HK HA reveals four major epitopes, the 120 loop, the 150 loop, the 160 loop, and the 190 helix, that are located close in space to form a large, continuous antigenic site. Moreover, a systematic comparison of known HA structures across the entire influenza virus family reveals evolutionarily conserved ionizable residues at all regions along the chain and subunit interfaces. These ionizable residues are likely the structural basis for the pH dependence and sensitivity to ionic strength of influenza HA and hemagglutinin-esterase fusion proteins.Influenza virus is a negative-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Orthomyxoviridae family. Three types of influenza viruses have been detected: A, B, and C. They all have a major surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA) for influenza A and B viruses and hemagglutinin-esterase fusion (HEF) protein for influenza C virus (2,20,85,98). Infections caused by influenza A and B viruses remain a major source of human morbidity and mortality worldwide (13, 90).Influenza B virus circulates exclusively in humans and seals (66), with no subtypes. The first isolated influenza B virus strain was B/Lee/40 (44). Currently, there are two major phylogenetic lineages found in circulation: B/Victoria/2/87 (B/VI) like and B/Yamagata/16/88 (B/YM) like (41,77,83). Despite the lack of subtypes, influenza B virus undergoes antigenic variation through genetic reassortment among cocirculating strains of different lineages and antigenic drift from cumulative mutations (17,48,49,56,70,83,101). Influenza B virus HAs have a mutational rate about five times slower than that observed for influenza A virus HAs (3,10,15,19,34,41,44,45,81,94,101). The antigenic structures of influenza B virus HAs have been studied by sequence analysis of both naturally occurring variants and antibody-selected escape variants (5,6,10,35,44,45,51,76,77,94,96), using the structure of influenza A H3 HA as a reference (100). However, given the rather low sequence identity between influenza A and B virus HAs, ϳ20% for HA 1 , which is the primary target for antigenic variation, it is hard to define accurately the antigenic sites in this fashion.We have recently reported two crystal structures of influenza B/Hong Kong/8/73 virus HA (referred to as B/HK HA herein) in complex with human and avian receptor analogs (95). Comparison of these structures with those of influenza A virus HAs provided a structural basis for the receptor-binding properties of influenza A and B virus HAs and suggested the role of residue 222 (H3 numbering) as a key an...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Crystal Structure of Unliganded Influenza B Virus Hemagglutinin

Wang

Cheng

et al. 2008

J Virol

125

141

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“…AB126835 to AB126842) clarified that all have amino acid residues N, E, and T at positions 197 to 199. NET strains, which represented less than 30% of the virus strains in the 1996-1997 season (7) caused the strains not to react to MAb 5H4 in HI tests and in neutralization tests (9). K strains became predominant in a year, and after the 1999-2000 season all of the isolates in our area were found to be K strains (9,11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, B/Victoria strains reemerged in South China in 1994, and in Japan they were epidemic in the 1996-1997 season for the first time after the reemergence. After the 1997-1998 season, B/Yamagata strains were predominant in Kobe City (9,11) (13). Direct sequencing of viral nucleotides was performed as described previously (7)(8)(9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the 1997-1998 season, B/Yamagata strains were predominant in Kobe City (9,11) (13). Direct sequencing of viral nucleotides was performed as described previously (7)(8)(9). Briefly, reverse transcriptase PCR products were sequenced with a DYEnamic ET terminator cycle sequencing kit (Amersham Pharmacia, Piscataway, N.J.) and were analyzed with an ABI Prism 310 automatic sequencer (Perkin Elmer, Foster City, Calif.).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NET strains, which represented less than 30% of the virus strains in the 1996-1997 season (7) caused the strains not to react to MAb 5H4 in HI tests and in neutralization tests (9). K strains became predominant in a year, and after the 1999-2000 season all of the isolates in our area were found to be K strains (9,11). These phenomena suggest the theory that the new antigenic variants emerge because they have a selective advantage due to the immunity present in the population towards old strains (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influenza B Virus Victoria Group with a New Glycosylation Site Was Epidemic in Japan in the 2002-2003 Season

Nakagawa¹,

Kubota

Maeda

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

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Molecular characterization of influenza B viruses circulating in northern Italy during the 2001–2002 epidemic season

Ansaldi

D’Agaro

Florentiis

et al. 2003

Journal of Medical Virology

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During the 2001-2002 influenza season, virological surveillance highlighted the predominant circulation of B viruses (86% of isolates) in Italy, in contrast to many other countries in Europe and North America where AH3N2 viruses were isolated most frequently, and in contrast to the infrequent isolation of B viruses in Italy during the previous two years. Associated with this predominance of influenza B was the re-emergence of B/Victoria/2/87-lineage viruses, closely related to B viruses prevalent during the 1980s, which are distinct antigenically and genetically from circulating B/Sichuan/379/99-like viruses of the B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage, which predominated in most parts of the world during the last 10 years. Ninety-four viruses isolated in two regions of northern Italy were characterized, 50 by direct sequencing of haemagglutinin (HA). Viruses of both Victoria and Yamagata lineages co-circulated throughout the 12 weeks of the influenza season. The HAs of the Yamagata-lineage viruses were heterogeneous and comprised two sublineages, represented by B/Sichuan/379/99 and B/Harbin/7/94, whereas the Victoria-lineage viruses were more homogeneous and closely related to B/Hong Kong/330/01, the current prototype vaccine strain. The antigenic and genetic characteristics of the viruses correlated with certain epidemiological features. In particular, the low age (<14 years) of individuals infected with B/Hong Kong/330/01-like viruses is likely to reflect the greater susceptibility of the youngest cohort, due to lack of previous exposure to Victoria-lineage viruses, and is consistent with the conclusion that vaccination with a B/Sichuan/379/99-like virus would give poor protection against infection with B/Hong Kong/330/01-like (Victoria-lineage) viruses.

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Characterization of new epidemic strains of influenza B virus by using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Crystal Structure of Unliganded Influenza B Virus Hemagglutinin

Crystal Structure of Unliganded Influenza B Virus Hemagglutinin

Influenza B Virus Victoria Group with a New Glycosylation Site Was Epidemic in Japan in the 2002-2003 Season

Molecular characterization of influenza B viruses circulating in northern Italy during the 2001–2002 epidemic season

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