Characterization of non-ortho coplanar PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the atmosphere

Kurokawa, Yasuyoshi; Matsueda, Takahiko; Nakamura, Matayoshi; Takada, Seiya; Fukamachi, Kazumi

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(95)00319-3

Cited by 35 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Comparing PBDD/Fs to coplanar PCBs, the TEQ contribution of the coplanar PCBs ranged from 5.0% to 9.4% of the PCDD/F I-TEQ contribution for the ambient air samples taken at an urban site, a rural site, and two village sites, which relied on domestic burning for space heating in northwest England . Kurokawa et al also reported similar results; the ratio was about 4.9% in the atmosphere of three urban sites. Consequently, the TEQ contribution of PBDD/Fs in the atmosphere is comparable to that of coplanar PCBs, except in the science park areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Characterization of Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Different Atmospheric Environments

Wang

Tsai

Chang-Chien

et al. 2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Few studies have measured polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in the atmosphere. In this study,four categories of atmospheric environments, including rural (Kengting national park, Taitung county, and Yilan county), urban (north Kaohsiung city and south Taichung city), industrial (Lin-hai industrial park), and science park (Hsinchu science park) areas were investigated for their characteristics of 2,3,7,8-substituted PBDD/F and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). The elevated PCDD/F I-TEQ concentrations and higher ratio of PCDFs to PCDDs in the industrial areas reveal that the metallurgical facilities, including sinter plants, electric arc furnaces, secondary aluminum smelters, and secondary copper smelters, significantly influence their surrounding atmospheric environments. The mean PBDD/F concentrations in the atmosphere of the rural, urban, industrial, and science park areas were 11, 24, 46, and 95 fg/Nm3, respectively, while the corresponding mean TEQ concentrations were 2.7, 6.4, 12, and 31 fg TEQ/Nm3, respectively. The significantly high correlation (r = 0.85, p = 0.034)found betweenthe PBDD/F and PCDD/F concentrations in the atmospheres of the industrial areas reveals that the metallurgical facilities are also the most likely PBDD/F emission sources in the industrial areas. The PBDD/F concentration in the science park area was approximately 2-fold higher than that in the industrial areas, whereas PCDD/F I-TEQ concentration in the area was only 23% of that in the industrial areas. The elevated PBDD/F concentrations in the science park areas may be attributed to the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as brominated flame retardants in the electrical and electronics industries, which contribute to direct PBDD/F emissions into the environment. PBDFs were all much more dominant than PBDDs in the atmosphere, and their mass fractions increase with PBDD/F concentrations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Characterization of Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Different Atmospheric Environments

Wang

Tsai

Chang-Chien

et al. 2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Comparison of PCB deposition fluxes to estimates of emission fluxes from waste incinerators showed similar fluxes for non-ortho PCBs, but mono-ortho PCB depositional fluxes were much higher (35). Levels of non-ortho PCBs in air have been found to correlate with polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) concentrations (36) which the authors suggest is due to both compounds having similar sources such as municipal waste incineration. ΣPCN also correlates with PCDF in fly ash from municipal waste incinerators (33).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Current Combustion-Related Sources Contribute to Polychlorinated Naphthalene and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels and Profiles in Air in Toronto, Canada

Helm

Bidleman

2003

Environ. Sci. Technol.

145

160

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Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and mono- and non-ortho substituted PCBs were analyzed in air from two sites in Toronto, Ontario, Canada to determine whether current combustion-related sources contribute to the levels and profiles of PCNs found in urban air. High-volume air samples were collected periodically at the University of Toronto (UT, a downtown site) and in north Toronto at the Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC). SigmaPCN concentrations ranged from 31 to 78 pg m(-3) at UT and from 7 to 84 pg m(-3) at MSC with concentrations lower at MSC than UT for paired samples. Ambient air congener profiles contrasted between the two sites with MSC profiles indicating inputs from combustion-related sources when compared to combustion fly ash and technical PCN and PCB mixture profiles. Combustion markers, including CN-44, -29, and -54, the more toxic CN-66 and -67 congeners, and non-ortho PCBs, were enriched in air at MSC on a mass percent basis in several samples. As a result, CN-66/67 contributed proportionally more to dioxin toxic equivalents at MSC than at UT. Downtown air PCN profiles resembled those of technical PCN and PCB mixtures, reflecting evaporative emissions from past uses, while PCN levels and profiles at MSC, a more industrialized location, are also influenced by current combustion sources, contributing as much as an estimated 54% of sigmaPCN in samples collected.

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“…During the revision of the manuscript, Cho et al 2 reported the cloning of ∆6 desaturase in mice and humans, although rat ∆6 and ∆5 desaturases remain to be cloned.…”

Section: Note Added In Proofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 1 are ubiquitous environmental contaminants and were widely used as industrial chemicals (1,2). Coplanar PCBs have been shown to produce toxic effects similar to that of 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PenCB, IUPAC PCB 126) is the most toxic congener of all PCBs (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Highly Toxic Coplanar Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compound Suppresses Δ5 and Δ6 Desaturase Activities Which Play Key Roles in Arachidonic Acid Synthesis in Rat Liver

Matsusue

Ishii

Ariyoshi

et al. 1999

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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The effect of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PenCB) on the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids was studied in male Wistar rats. The arachidonic acid (20:4) content in the total lipids of liver homogenates was significantly reduced on day 5 of PenCB administration, while those of linoleic acid (18:2) and bishomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3) were increased. These changes in the total lipids of liver homogenates were observed following doses of PenCB ranging from 0.5 to 25 mg/kg of body weight. The same changes in these fatty acids were seen with four subtypes of microsomal glycerophospholipids in the liver. The marked reduction in the molar ratio of 20:4 to 18:2 in the lipids suggests alteration of the activity of the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. The activity of Delta5 and Delta6 desaturases (arachidonic acid synthetase) in the liver microsomes was 17 and 13% of that of pair-fed control animals, whereas the activity of 1-acylglycerophosphorylcholine or 1-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase, which transfers 20:4 or 18:2 to phospholipids, was not affected by the treatment. Thus, the reduction in the level of 20:4 that was observed can be explained by a reduction in desaturase activity. These results are evidence that the coplanar PenCB has a significant effect on the reduced synthesis of physiologically essential long-chain unsaturated fatty acids.

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Characterization of non-ortho coplanar PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the atmosphere

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Characterization of Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Different Atmospheric Environments

Characterization of Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Different Atmospheric Environments

Current Combustion-Related Sources Contribute to Polychlorinated Naphthalene and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels and Profiles in Air in Toronto, Canada

A Highly Toxic Coplanar Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compound Suppresses Δ5 and Δ6 Desaturase Activities Which Play Key Roles in Arachidonic Acid Synthesis in Rat Liver

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