Characterization of Nonlinear Behavior of Weakly Coupled Resonators Based on Nonlinearity Factor

Abstract

Mode-localization is a promising method to realize high sensitivity sensors, especially in the field of MEMS. Since these sensors monitor amplitude change of weakly coupled resonators, it is important to grasp condition that induces multi-valued amplitude-frequency curve. In this paper, we provide an efficient tool to characterize the nonlinear behavior of the weakly coupled resonators. To analyze the nonlinearity, we solve a two-degrees-of-freedom (2-DoF) coupled equation of motion with nonlinear spring terms. Two approximations are employed to solve the equation; Krylov-Bogoliubov averaging method and approximation based on eigenmode amplitude-ratio at the resonances. As a result, we obtain two decoupled Duffing-like amplitude-frequency equations. We show that nonlinearity of the system is described by factors contained in the equations. The factors can be explicitly written in terms of basic parameters of the system, including coupling spring constant and nonlinear terms. Thus, instead of relying on numerical calculations, we can find parameter condition that brings about multi-valued amplitude-frequency curve. This method can also be utilized to find a condition that eliminates the nonlinearity. As an example, we apply this method to a weakly coupled resonator which uses parallel plate electrode as a coupling spring. We demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of this method by comparing the result with FEM simulations. The methodology and results presented here are general one and can be applied to various systems described by nonlinear coupled resonators.

Generalized Analysis of Systems Based on Two Nonlinear Resonators

“…However, in circuits in which the nonlinearities are not closely connected, the procedure fails. This is the case of circuits containing two nonlinear resonators, which have recently attracted interest for a variety of applications, including nonlinear isolators [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], robust wireless power transfer [24], [25], and sensors [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31]. The multivalued solution may originate in either one or another resonator or be the result of the combined action of both.…”