Characterization of normal canine anterior cruciate ligament–associated synoviocytes

Abstract

This study was designed to identify and quantify synoviocyte phenotypes enveloping the canine anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) to test the hypothesis that there are at least two synoviocyte phenotypes, each with distinct quantities and topographical distributions. CD18 and HSP25 epitopes were colocalized in the synovium of 10 normal canine ACLs. Sagittal sections were prepared from medial, central, and lateral aspects of each ACL and phenotypes were quantified in the proximal, middle, and distal aspects of each section. Distinct synoviocyte populations stained positive for CD18 (CD18þ) or HSP25 (HSP25þ), and a small population of cells stained for both epitopes (DSþ). The proportion (mean AE SEM) of HSP25þ synoviocytes (57% AE 7.5%) was significantly greater than the proportion of CD18þ synoviocytes (27% AE 8.2%), which was significantly greater than the proportion of DSþ synoviocytes (16% AE 3.5%). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis, and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the presence of CD18 and HSP25 epitopes in the canine ACL. Identification and quantification of ACL synoviocytes may serve as the foundation for future studies involving ACL disease or reconstruction. ß

Canine Synovial Myxoma

“…However, HSP25 is also involved in cell differentiation under normal conditions and has been used as a specific marker of type B synoviocytes in dogs and mice. 7,15 In this study, all tumor cells (synovial myxoma, nonsynovial myxosarcoma, synovial cell sarcoma, and histiocytic sarcoma) were positive for HSP25. Therefore, like cadherin 11, HSP25 cannot be used to differentiate synovial myxomas from other myxomatous tumors or other synovial tumors.…”

“…It is possible that synovial myxomas arise from the recently described transitional or stem cell type C synoviocyte. 15 Cadherins are membrane proteins involved in cell-cell interactions. Unlike most cadherins, cadherin 11 is predominantly expressed by mesenchymal cells.…”

Peri‐articular Histiocytic Sarcoma and Previous Joint Disease in Bernese Mountain Dogs

“…The normal synovial membrane in dogs consists of a mixture of fibroblasts and bone‐marrow derived macrophages . Several studies showed that in the inflamed synovial membranes of dogs with degenerative joint disease, next to T‐ and B‐lymphocytes and plasma cells, increased numbers of CD18 expressing dendritic cells are present .…”

Fibrochondrogenic potential of synoviocytes from osteoarthritic and normal joints cultured as tensioned bioscaffolds for meniscal tissue engineering in dogs

“…Tissue was deemed to be completely digested when no ECM could be visualized microscopically at 20 × objective magnification. Cells were cultured in monolayer for four passages to isolate Type B fibroblast-like synoviocytes ( Vasanjee et al, 2008 ) and Type C intermediate synoviocytes ( Vasanjee et al, 2008 ) as described previously ( Warnock et al, 2012 ). The following media formulation was used for the duration of culture: high glucose DMEM, supplemented with 17.7% FBS, 0.021 mg/mL glycine, 0.025 mg/mL L-alanine, 0.037 mg/mL L- asparagine, 0.038 mg/mL L-aspartic acid, 0.042 mg/mL L-glutamic acid, 0.033 mg/mL L-proline, 0.030 mg/mL L-serine, 0.23 mg/mL pyruvate, 0.52 mg/mL L-glutamine, 6.75 mg/mL HEPES buffer, 0.15 mg/mL L-ascorbic acid -2 phosphate, 177.0 units/mL penicillin, 177.0 µg/mL streptomycin, and 0.44 µg/mL amphoterocin.…”