Cyanobacterial bloom formation and aquatic ecosystem degradation driven by global warming and eutrophication have become serious ecological and environmental problems worldwide. Recently, great progress in physiology of cyanobacteria has been achieved, but our knowledge on the mechanisms of bloom formation of cyanobacterial species and the feasible methods for ecological restoration is still poor. The 6th Forum on Cyanobacterial Blooms, organized by the Northwest Agriculture and Forest University, Yangling, China, in 22-23 June 2019, was held to share most recent research progress in cyanobacterial blooms and ecological restoration around China. This forum was held annually since 2014. The forum was jointly proposed and initiated by Prof. Guoxiang Wang from Nanjing Normal University and Prof. Renhui Li from the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Since then, the form has covered a wide variety of topics, including the most common toxic bloomforming cyanobacterium Microcystis, cyanobacteria blooms and nutrient cycling in shallow lakes, interactions between cyanobacterial bloom formation and physical, chemical, and biological factors, as well as monitoring and early warning of cyanobacterial blooms. This Special Issue of Environmental Science and Pollution Research comprises selected papers presented in the 6th Forum on Cyanobacterial Blooms. In detail, 13 communications are presented in this special issue, elucidating the following topics: