Characterization of overwintering sites of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) and tick infection rate with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from eight provinces in South Korea

Kim, Joo-Young; Jung, Minhyung; Kho, Jung-Wook; Song, Hyunsung; Moon, Kyung-Hwan; Kim, Young Ho; Lee, Doo‐Hyung

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101490

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…(8 pools; 8 larvae), I. nipponensis (2 pools; 2 female adults), and A. testudinarium (2 pools; 2 nymphs). In other studies in Korea, SFTSV was nationally detected in H. longicornis (0.46% MIR) from March to October between 2011 and 2012 [ 21 ]; H. longicornis (0.1% MIR) and H. flava (1.4%, MIR) in 2013 [ 12 ]; H. longicornis (3.8% MIR) from January to February in 2019 [ 16 ]; H. longicornis (5.7% MIR), A. testudinarium (23.5%, MIR), and I. nipponensis (13.3%, MIR) from humans from May to October in 2013 [ 5 ]; and H. longicornis (4.8%), A. testudinarium (20%), and H. flava (1.2%) from July to November in 2015 in national parks [ 6 ]. As the detection of SFTSV in a tick species does not prove the capacity of the tick species to act as a competent vector, additional research is needed to establish whether any of these other species are SFTS vectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Therefore, the larvae population density increased from August to September. Ticks are mainly in the nymph stage over the winter [ 16 ], resulting in increased nymph population during the spring season. In this study, the primary tick incidence varied from April to October, with the highest peaks in the population observed in nymphs in May, adults in July, and larvae in September 2020.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nationwide Temporal and Geographical Distribution of Tick Populations and Phylogenetic Analysis of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks in Korea, 2020

et al. 2021

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Since 2010, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency has established centers at 16 locations to monitor disease vectors and pathogens. Here, we examined tick populations to understand the geographical and temporal distribution of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) vectors in 2020. From April to November, 63,376 ticks were collected from traps to monitor tick populations, with a trap index of 41.3. Tick incidence varied from April to October, with population peaks observed for nymphs in May, adults in July, and larvae in September. The predominant tick species were Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis spp., H. flava, Ixodes spp., Amblyomma testudinarium, and Ixodes nipponensis. Approximately 50% of the collected ticks were pooled into 2973 groups to detect the rate of SFTSV infection in ticks. The minimum infection rate (MIR) of SFTSV was 0.2%, and Andong had the highest MIR for SFTSV (4.0%). The B3 genotype was the most prevalent (52.2%) followed by B2 (28.6%), B5 (15.9%), B4 (1.6%), and B6 (1.6%). We identified widely distributed tick species and a high degree of diversity in SFTSV strains in ticks from different geographical regions. The results may provide a basis for future epidemiological studies and risk assessments for tick-borne diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nationwide Temporal and Geographical Distribution of Tick Populations and Phylogenetic Analysis of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks in Korea, 2020

et al. 2021

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“…Adults or nymphs perhaps hibernate under leaves or underground in the winter [26]. It was previously reported that nymphs and adults of H. longicornis could survive during winter and that nymph population was highest in spring in Korea [21,27].…”

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confidence: 99%

Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks in the Republic of Korea

Kang

Cho

et al. 2022

Korean J Parasitol

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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a zoonotic, tick-borne RNA virus of the genus Bandavirus (Family Phenuiviridae), mainly reported in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (Korea). For the purpose of this study, a total of 3,898 adult and nymphal ticks of species Haemaphysalis longicornis (94.2%), Haemaphysalis flava (5.0%), Ixodes nipponensis (0.8%), and 1 specimen of Ixodes ovatus, were collected from the Deogyusan National Park, Korea, between April 2016 and June 2018. A single-step reverse transcriptase–nested PCR was performed, targeting the S segment of the SFTSV RNA. Total infection rate (IR) of SFTSV in individual ticks was found to be 6.0%. Based on developmental stages, IR was 5.3% in adults and 6.0% in nymphs. The S segment sequences obtained from PCR were divided into 17 haplotypes. All haplotypes were phylogenetically clustered into clades B-2 and B-3, with 92.7% sequences in B-2 and 7.3% in B-3. These observations indicate that the Korean SFTSV strains were closer to the Japanese than the Chinese strains. Further epidemiological studies are necessary to better understand the characteristics of the Korean SFTSV and its transmission cycle in the ecosystem.

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“…H. longicornis overwinters mostly as nymphs, but with an SFTSV positive rate of only 4% as measured by pool(Kim et al, 2020). Thus, we speculate that their role in overwintering of disease may be quite limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hedgehogs are the major amplifying hosts of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus

Zheng

Jiang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne bandavirus mainly transmitted by Haemaphysalis longicornis in East Asia, mostly in rural areas. To date, the wild host involved in the natural transmission of SFTSV remains unidentified. Our epidemiological field survey conducted in endemic areas in China showed that hedgehogs were widely distributed, had heavy tick infestations, and had high SFTSV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence. After experimental infection of Erinaceus amurensis and Atelerix albiventris hedgehogs with SFTSV, a robust but transitory viremia was detected, which lasted for around nine days. The infected hedgehogs experienced light weight loss and histopathology of the spleen showed hemorrhagic necrosis and lymphopenia, with infected hedgehogs recovering after viral clearance. Remarkably, SFTSV transmission cycle between hedgehogs and nymph/adult H. longicornis was easily accomplished under laboratory condition with 100% efficiency. Furthermore, naïve H. longicornis ticks could be infected by SFTSV-positive ticks co-feeding on naïve hedgehogs, with transstadial transmission of SFTSV also confirmed. We also found that SFTSV viremia remained high in hedgehogs during hibernation, suggesting that this mechanism might contribute to the persistence of SFTSV from one year to the next. Of concern, we recently found evidence of the natural circulation of SFTSV in the urban area of Beijing City in China involving H. longicornis ticks and E. amurensis hedgehogs. Our study suggests that the hedgehogs are the major wildlife amplifying hosts of SFTSV and that urban outbreaks of SFTSV may occur in the future.

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Characterization of overwintering sites of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) and tick infection rate with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from eight provinces in South Korea

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Nationwide Temporal and Geographical Distribution of Tick Populations and Phylogenetic Analysis of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks in Korea, 2020

Nationwide Temporal and Geographical Distribution of Tick Populations and Phylogenetic Analysis of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks in Korea, 2020

Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks in the Republic of Korea

Hedgehogs are the major amplifying hosts of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus

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