Characterization of PAHs Trapped in the Soot from the Combustion of Various Mediterranean Species

Leroy-Cancellieri, Valérie; Cancellieri, Dominique; Leoni, Eric

doi:10.3390/atmos12080965

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Table S1 in the supporting information shows the name and detailed information of the PAHs in this study. PAHs can be divided into two groups: “light” PAHs (LPAHs) consisting of 2–3 aromatic rings and “heavy” PAHs (HPAHs) consisting of 4 or more aromatic rings …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAHs can be divided into two groups: “light” PAHs (LPAHs) consisting of 2–3 aromatic rings and “heavy” PAHs (HPAHs) consisting of 4 or more aromatic rings. 40 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAHs can be divided into two groups: "light" PAHs (LPAHs) consisting of 2−3 aromatic rings and "heavy" PAHs (HPAHs) consisting of 4 or more aromatic rings. 40 Tested Materials. Four common household materials were studied: glass, painted drywall, cotton, and mechanical air cleaner filters.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Indoor Materials: Method Development

Laguerre

Gall

2023

ACS Omega

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Wildfire smoke penetrates indoors, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoke may accumulate on indoor materials. We developed two approaches for measuring PAHs on common indoor materials: (1) solvent-soaked wiping of solid materials (glass and drywall) and (2) direct extraction of porous/fleecy materials (mechanical air filter media and cotton sheets). Samples are extracted by sonication in dichloromethane and analyzed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Extraction recoveries range from 50–83% for surrogate standards and for PAHs recovered from direct application to isopropanol-soaked wipes, in line with prior studies. We evaluate our methods with a total recovery metric, defined as the sampling and extraction recovery of PAHs from a test material spiked with known PAH mass. Total recovery is higher for “heavy” PAHs (HPAHs, 4 or more aromatic rings) than for “light” PAHs (LPAHs, 2–3 aromatic rings). For glass, the total recovery range is 44–77% for HPAHs and 0–30% for LPAHs. Total recoveries from painted drywall are <20% for all PAHs tested. For filter media and cotton, total recoveries of HPAHs are 37–67 and 19–57%, respectively. These data show acceptable HPAH total recovery on glass, cotton, and filter media; total recovery of LPAHs may be unacceptably low for indoor materials using methods developed here. Our data also indicate that extraction recovery of surrogate standards may overestimate the total recovery of PAHs from glass using solvent wipe sampling. The developed method enables future studies of accumulation of PAHs indoors, including potential longer-term exposure derived from contaminated indoor surfaces.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAHs can be divided into two groups: “light” PAHs (LPAHs) consisting of 2–3 aromatic rings and “heavy” PAHs (HPAHs) consisting of 4 or more aromatic rings. 40 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Indoor Materials: Method Development

Laguerre

Gall

2023

ACS Omega

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“…Due to strong epidemiological evidence, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) considers exposures to PAHs to be major risk factors for the development of lung cancer as well as other pulmonary diseases [2,3]. Environmentally, these toxicants are found as components of airborne particulate matter (PM, both PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) [1,[4][5][6], gasoline and diesel exhaust [7][8][9][10], coal gasification, coke oven emissions, forest fire smoke, and firsthand, Toxics 2022, 10, 28 2 of 16 secondhand and thirdhand cigarette and marijuana smoke [5,11]. PAHs are also more prevalent in urban areas compared to rural settings, although with the onset of rapid climate changes due to increases in wildfires that is likely to change [1,[4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Carcinogenic Properties of Overlooked yet Prevalent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Human Lung Epithelial Cells

Bauer

Siegrist

Wolff

et al. 2022

Toxics

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The WHO classified air pollution as a human lung carcinogen and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are components of both indoor (e.g., tobacco smoke and cookstoves) and outdoor (e.g., wildfires and industrial and vehicle emissions) air pollution, thus a human health concern. However, few studies have evaluated the adverse effects of low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs, the most abundant PAHs in the environment. We hypothesized that LMW PAHs combined with the carcinogenic PAH benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) act as co-carcinogens in human lung epithelial cell lines (BEAS-2B and A549). Therefore, in this paper, we evaluate several endpoints, such as micronuclei, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) activity, cell cycle analysis, anti-BPDE-DNA adduct formation, and cytotoxicity after mixed exposures of LMW PAHs with B[a]P. The individual PAH doses used for each endpoint did not elicit cytotoxicity nor cell death and were relevant to human exposures. The addition of a binary mixture of LMW PAHs (fluoranthene and 1-methylanthracene) to B[a]P treated cells resulted in significant increases in micronuclei formation, dysregulation of GJIC, and changes in cell cycle as compared to cells treated with either B[a]P or the binary mixture alone. In addition, anti-BPDE-DNA adducts were significantly increased in human lung cells treated with B[a]P combined with the binary mixture of LMW PAHs as compared to cells treated with B[a]P alone, further supporting the increased co-carcinogenic potential by LMW PAHs. Collectively, these novel studies using LMW PAHs provide evidence of adverse pulmonary effects that should warrant further investigation.

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“…Due to the large number of substations, electrical equipment fire accidents occur occasionally [1,2]. After the fire of electrical equipment in the substation, besides the property losses, the residues after fire will pollute the water, air, and soil around the substation [1,3]. As for the fire of substation electrical equipment, it is mainly focusing on fire prevention and risk assessment recently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emission Characteristics of Pollutants from Thermal Desorption of Soil Contaminated by Transformer Oil

Jiang

Weng

2022

Atmosphere

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In order to reduce pollutant emission from substation fires into the soil environment, developing technology to remove pollutants in soil after substation fires is necessary. Among the soil remediation technologies, thermal desorption has been proven to be an effective soil remediation method. In this paper, the effects of thermal desorption temperature and atmosphere on the releasing characteristics of pollutants in the soil polluted by waste oil in the accident oil pool in the substation were examined. The results showed that when the thermal desorption temperature was 500 °C, a large number of macromolecular organics decompose from the solid phase and change into long-chain alkanes and macromolecular acids under pure N2 atmosphere. When the thermal desorption temperature was higher than 500 °C the pollutants in the soil were further decomposed into small molecular organics. In addition, the organics were transformed to CO2, SO2, NOx, and CO under 20% O2/N2 atmosphere when the temperature was above 500 °C.

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Characterization of PAHs Trapped in the Soot from the Combustion of Various Mediterranean Species

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Indoor Materials: Method Development

Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Indoor Materials: Method Development

The Carcinogenic Properties of Overlooked yet Prevalent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Human Lung Epithelial Cells

The Emission Characteristics of Pollutants from Thermal Desorption of Soil Contaminated by Transformer Oil

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