Characterization of patients’ requests and pharmacists’ professional practice in oropharyngeal condition in Spain

Hernández, Antonio Manuel López; García-Delgado, Pilar; García-Cárdenas, Victoria; Ocaña, A; Labrador, E Sánchez; Orera, María; Martínez-Mart́inez, Fernando

doi:10.1007/s11096-014-0053-4

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Drug dispensing is a service that ensures the provision of medicines and other health products through analysis of the technical and legal aspects of a prescription, assessment of individual health needs, and medical intervention through pharmaceutical counseling and documentation [ 10 , 11 ]. A well-structured dispensing process can become a valuable service because it can limit indiscriminate antimicrobial use, and therefore, microbial resistance [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial dispensing process in community pharmacies: a scoping review

Souza

Vieira

Santos

et al. 2022

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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Background Antimicrobial resistance remains a major global public health concern, and antimicrobial dispensing in community pharmacies is an important factor in preventing this damage. However, the current literature focuses on the technical and attitudinal aspects related to antimicrobial dispensing, with little emphasis on the interventions provided in this service. Thus, this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial dispensing process in community pharmacies. Methods A scoping review was performed in September 2020 using the PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. The search terms included words related to dispensing, antibacterial agents, and pharmacies in various combinations. Two reviewers screened the titles, abstracts, and full-text articles according to the eligibility criteria, and extracted the data. The findings were presented in a descriptive form. Results Of the 7713 studies screened, 35 were included, of which 22 (63%) were published in Asia. Most studies followed a cross-sectional design (n = 27), and the simulated patient was the most often used method to assess the antimicrobial dispensing process (n = 22). Moreover, 31 (89%) studies investigated antimicrobial dispensing without prescription, and only four (11%) studies evaluated antimicrobial dispensing with prescription. In the 35 studies, the most frequently asked questions were about drug allergies (n = 19) and patient symptoms (n = 18), and counseling mainly focused on the side effects (n = 14), precautions (n = 14), how to take the medication (n = 12), and duration of medication use (n = 11). Another common intervention was referral (n = 15). Among clinical cases, counseling on medication use occurred often in cases of urinary tract infection (51%) and otitis media (50%). Conclusions Antimicrobial dispensing processes have been primarily investigated in low- and middle-income countries, with a focus on dispensing antimicrobials without prescriptions. During the dispensing process, pharmacists mostly posed minimal questions and counseling, highlighting the deficiencies that persist in this practice. Our results indicate the need for multifaceted strategies, such as implementing educational, regulatory or administrative strategies and changes in cultural background, especially in low- and middle-income countries, that aim to reduce indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. Therefore, qualifying the antimicrobial dispensing process is a fundamental factor for improving the rational use of antimicrobials and reducing microbial resistance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13756-022-01157-0.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial dispensing process in community pharmacies: a scoping review

Souza

Vieira

Santos

et al. 2022

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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“…As for the characteristics of digital serious games, a majority of studies included in this review used games to develop knowledge and attitudes related to drug dispensing. This is a clinical pharmacy service that provides medicines or health products through the analysis of technical and legal aspects of prescription, assessment of patients’ individual health needs, the performance of interventions in the process of medication use, counseling, and documentation of the interventions) in community pharmacies (Ministry of Health of Brazil, 1998; Hernández et al, 2015; National Health Service, 2013). Drug dispensing is the most traditional clinical service performed by pharmacists (Hawksworth et al, 1999; Holland & Nimmo, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Digital Serious Games Related to Patient Care in Pharmacy Education: A Systematic Review

Silva

Pereira

Araújo

et al. 2021

Simulation & Gaming

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Background. In recent years, the use of digital serious games in the education of healthcare students and professionals has been frequent. However, there are no high-level evidence studies focused on the effect of this tool in the development of patient care-related competencies in pharmacy education. Aim. To assess the effect of digital serious games on learning about patient care in pharmacy education. Methods. The Cochrane Library, ERIC, Embase, IPA, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were reviewed to identify relevant studies published up to October 2, 2018. Standardized and non-standardized terms including “games,” “serious games,” “pharmacy education,” “pharmacists,” and “pharmacy students” were used as search terms. The quality of the studies was assessed using validated tools. Results and Discussion. Of the 1,521 studies reviewed, seven met the eligibility criteria. Three studies were performed in the United States (42.85%). The most-frequent design studies were randomized controlled studies (n = 3; 42.85%). The number of participants ranged between 6 and 354. In most cases, game scenarios were based on simulations in which users performed the role of the pharmacist (n = 5; 71.42%). The predominant primary outcome was attitudes (n = 5; 71.42%) related to patient care. Only one study (14.27%) demonstrated significant improvements in the assessed primary outcomes. The methodology of the included studies lacked robustness. Conclusion. The effect of learning technological tools on patient care-related competencies was not significant in most of the included studies. Future studies must provide high-quality, integrated-manner evidence on the effect of digital serious games in pharmacy education (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) to facilitate the transfer of learning to real-life scenarios and changes in organizational practices.

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“…The concept of drug dispensing adopted in this study is based on that of previous literature, which highlighted key complementary components of this service [31,32,33]. Thus, drug dispensing is a clinical pharmacy service that ensures the provision of medicines and other health products through the analysis of technical and legal aspects of prescription, assessment of individual health needs, and performance of interventions in the medicine use process, which includes pharmaceutical counseling and documentation of the interventions made.…”

Section: Concepts Adopted In This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Which factors may influence the implementation of drug dispensing in community pharmacies? A qualitative study

Cerqueira-Santos

Rocha

Araújo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Implementation of clinical pharmacy services, such as drug dispensing, is a complex process. It is necessary to understand the challenges associated with this practice from the perspective of the actors involved to help ensure optimal service provision. Thus, this study aimed to understand the factors that may influence the implementation of drug dispensing in community pharmacies, according to the perceptions of pharmacists. Methods: This qualitative study was based on semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. The participants were pharmacists who worked in a chain of community pharmacies in Brazil, selected based on their direct participation in the implementation process. The interview recordings were transcribed full verbatim and were independently analyzed using thematic analysis, followed by consensus meetings between researchers. The factors identified by the participants were classified according to the Apoteca framework. This study was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research and all participants signed an informed consent form. Results: We conducted 18 interviews, with 47 factors that may influence the implementation of drug dispensing in community pharmacies being identified. These factors were allocated to seven categories: support from community pharmacy chain (4), pharmacy infrastructure (11), characteristics of the pharmacy, medicines and other health products (4), pharmacist (16), dispensing work process (2), pharmacy team (2), and patient (8). The classification of factors according to the Apoteca framework allocated most of them to administrative (14) and technical (14) domains, followed by attitudinal (13) and political (5) domains. Conclusions: This study identified several factors that can influence the implementation of drug dispensing and classified them according to the domains of the Apoteca framework, highlighting the multifactorial nature of the implementation process. The results of this study can guide the planning of strategies aimed at providing efficient drug dispensing in community pharmacies.

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Characterization of patients’ requests and pharmacists’ professional practice in oropharyngeal condition in Spain

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Antimicrobial dispensing process in community pharmacies: a scoping review

Antimicrobial dispensing process in community pharmacies: a scoping review

Effect of Digital Serious Games Related to Patient Care in Pharmacy Education: A Systematic Review

Which factors may influence the implementation of drug dispensing in community pharmacies? A qualitative study

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