Characterization of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on fire suppression system piping and optimization of removal methods

Lang, Johnsie R.; McDonough, Jeffrey T.; Guillette, Theresa C.; Storch, Peter; Anderson, J. D.; Liles, David; Prigge, Robert; Miles, Jonathan A L; Divine, Craig

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136254

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For samples with sufficient PFAS, DESI MSI can be used to visualize the spatial distribution for samples above the observed detection limits (2.7 pg/mm 2 for PFHxS and 3.6 pg/mm 2 for PFOS). There are sample preparation challenges to be resolved for certain sample types, such as unbound discrete samples (e.g., soil), and curved surfaces (e.g., pipes) . Unlike concrete, soil is a combination of discrete particles that potentially need to be bound together to then be visualized by DESI MSI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are sample preparation challenges to be resolved for certain sample types, such as unbound discrete samples (e.g., soil), 11 and curved surfaces (e.g., pipes). 15 Unlike concrete, soil is a combination of discrete particles that potentially need to be bound together to then be visualized by DESI MSI. A less flat sample can be handled better by DESI MSI than by MALDI but only where adequate ionization efficiency can be achieved with a minimal distance between the electrospray probe and the sample surface.…”

Section: Visualization Of the Pfas Verticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visualization of the Distribution of PFOS and PFHxS in Concrete by DESI MSI

Hamilton

Wepf

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Firefighting training grounds (FTGs) may serve as a potential secondary source for the release of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) due to historic use of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs). Understanding the heterogenicity and vertical distribution of PFAS in AFFF-impacted concrete is important for risk management and potential remediation. This study assessed whether desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI MSI) can be used to analyze PFAS in a concrete core from an AFFF-impacted FTG to provide the vertical distribution of PFAS. PFOS and PFHxS were detected and observed to be distributed in the core mapped by DESI MSI in a manner consistent with data obtained using a conventional method of drilling samples along the depth of a concrete core (i.e., core sidewall drilling) followed by extraction into methanol and analysis by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Visualization by DESI MSI provided the mass distribution in greater detail at a resolution of 30−200 μm pixel size. DESI can provide location mapping at PFAS concentrations of >2.7 pg/mm 2 (PFHxS) and 3.6 pg/mm 2 (PFOS) with a spatial resolution much greater than that of the previously used core sidewall drilling method.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Visualization Of the Pfas Verticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of the Distribution of PFOS and PFHxS in Concrete by DESI MSI

Hamilton

Wepf

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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“…An imminent application scenario is the cleaning of hanger fire-fighting pipelines and fire trucks that used PFAS-based AFFF in the past decades. 7,8 This time, we used tap water for the 100-fold dilution of AFFF (Table S1). The UV/S−EO treatment resulted in very similar evolution/degradation kinetics for all individual PFAS and F − release (Fig.…”

Section: Robustness In Real-world Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] While substantial efforts have been taken for groundwater remediation, a proactive solution is to contain further PFAS pollution via safe disposal of AFFF stockpiles and decontamination of wastewater from fire-fighting system cleaning. 7,8 The ideal treatment goal is the complete defluorination of all PFAS in AFFF. However, only hydrothermal approaches have achieved near-complete defluorination of AFFF under supercritical (e.g., 590 °C, 237 atm, 0.1 M KOH, 1 min for 1:100 diluted AFFF) 9 and subcritical conditions (e.g., 350 °C, 163 atm, 5 M NaOH, 30 min for 1:2 diluted AFFF).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Complete Destruction of PFAS in Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) by Integrated Photo-Electrochemical Processes

Guan,

Liu,

Yang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly recalcitrant pollutants in the water environment worldwide. Aqueous film-foaming foam (AFFF) for fire-fighting is a major source of PFAS pollution. However, complete defluorination (i.e., cleaving all C−F bonds into F− ions) of PFAS by a non-thermal technology is rare. The destruction of the PFAS mixture in the complex organic matrix of AFFF is even more challenging. In this study, we designed and demonstrated a UV/sulfite−electrochemical oxidation (UV/S−EO) process. The tandem UV/S−EO leverages the complementary advantages of UV/S and EO modules in (i) PFAS transformation mechanism and (ii) engineering process design (e.g., foaming control, chemical dosage, and energy consumption). At ambient temperature and pressure, The UV/S−EO realized near-complete defluorination and mineralization of most PFAS and organics in AFFF (50−500x diluted, containing up to 200 mg L−1 organic fluorine and >4000 mg L−1 organic carbon). This work highlights the integration of molecular-level insight and engineering design toward solving major challenges of AFFF water pollution and stockpile disposal.

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