Characterization of Peripheral Activity States and Cortical Local Field Potentials of Mice in an Elevated Plus Maze Test

Okonogi, Toya; Nakayama, Ryota; Sasaki, Takuya; Ikegaya, Yuji

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00062

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The EPM apparatus consisted of two open arms (OA) (40 × 6 cm 2 ) and two closed arms (CA) (40 × 6 × 20 cm 3 ), connected by a central platform (6 × 6 cm 2 ) and elevated 40 cm off the floor. Although, differences were observed when rodents were placed facing toward an OA versus toward the CA [48], at the beginning of the session each mouse was placed into the center of the maze, facing one of the OA and behavior was monitored live for 5 min as described by others [51,52]. The number of entries and the time spent in each arm of the maze were hand scored.…”

Section: Elevated-plus Maze (Epm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine transporter (DAT) knockdown in the nucleus accumbens improves anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in adult mice

Bahí

Dreyer

2019

Behavioural Brain Research

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Many epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated a strong comorbidity between anxiety and depression, and a number of experimental studies indicates that the dopamine transporter (DAT) is involved in the pathophysiology of anxiety and depression. However, studies using laboratory animals have yielded inconclusive results. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of DAT manipulation on anxiety-and depression-like behaviors in mice. For this purpose, animals were stereotaxically injected with DAT siRNAexpressing lentiviral vectors (siDAT) in the caudate putamen (CPu) or in the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) and the behavioral outcomes were assessed using the open-field (OF), elevated-plus maze (EPM), light-dark box (LDB), sucrose preference (SPT), novelty suppressed feeding (NSF), and forced-swim (FST) tests. The results showed that in the Nacc, but not in the CPu, siDAT increased the time spent at the center of the arena and decreased the number of fecal boli in the OF test. In the EPM and LDB tests, Nacc siDAT injection increased the entries and time spent on open arms, and increased the time spent in the light side of the box, respectively, suggesting an anxiolytic-like activity. In addition, siDAT, in the Nacc, induced significant antidepressant-like effects, evidenced by increased sucrose preference, shorter latency to feed in the NSF test, and decreased immobility time in the FST. Most importantly, Pearson's test clearly showed significant correlations between DAT mRNA in the Nacc with anxiety and depression parameters. Overall, these results suggest that low DAT levels, in the Nacc, might act as protective factors against anxiety and depression. Therefore, targeting DAT activity might be a very attractive approach to tackle affective disorders.

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Section: Elevated-plus Maze (Epm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine transporter (DAT) knockdown in the nucleus accumbens improves anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in adult mice

Bahí

Dreyer

2019

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…First, according to instantaneous running speed, BR ratio, heart rate, and EMG amplitude, peripheral activity patterns were classified into four states for each 1‐s bin: (a) movement, (b) sniffing, (c) active stop, and (d) silent stop (Figure a; for more detail, see Materials and Methods). Here, active stop periods were considered as periods in which the running speed was <5 cm/s, but peripheral activity levels were high, whereas silent stop periods were considered periods in which peripheral organ activity was stabilized at low levels, as in our previous study (Okonogi et al., ). Figure b shows an example of the classification of peripheral activity states with the corresponding cortical LFP signals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EMG traces were high-pass filtered at 100 Hz, and root-mean-square (RMS) values were calculated from the filtered EMG traces with a bin size of 1 s, which have been used to define the animal's movement and arousal state (Hayashi et al, 2015;Oishi et al, 2016). BR signals were convolved by a Morlet's wavelet family and the ratio of 6-10 Hz power to 2-4 Hz power was computed as the BR ratio (Okonogi, Nakayama, Sasaki, & Ikegaya, 2018), which was used to detect sniffing, a typical exploratory behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vagus nerve spiking activity associated with locomotion and cortical arousal states in a freely moving rat

Shikano

Nishimura

Okonogi

et al. 2018

Eur J of Neuroscience

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The vagus nerve serves as a central pathway for communication between the central and peripheral organs. Despite traditional knowledge of vagus nerve functions, detailed neurophysiological dynamics of the vagus nerve in naïve behavior remain to be understood. In this study, we developed a new method to record spiking patterns from the cervical vagus nerve while simultaneously monitoring central and peripheral organ bioelectrical signals in a freely moving rat. When the rats transiently elevated locomotor activity, the frequency of vagus nerve spikes was correspondingly increased, and this activity was retained for several seconds after the increase in running speed terminated. Spike patterns of the vagus nerve were not robustly associated with which arms the animals entered on an elevated plus maze. During sniffing behavior, vagus nerve spikes were nearly absent. During stopping, the vagus nerve spike patterns differed considerably depending on external contexts and peripheral activity states associated with cortical arousal levels. Stimulation of the vagus nerve altered rat's running speed and cortical arousal states depending on running speed at the instant of stimulation. These observations are a new step for uncovering the physiological dynamics of the vagus nerve modulating the visceral organs such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems.

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“…All the mice received TMAS, TUS, or sham stimulation once each day for consecutive 10 days. After 10 days of treatment, animal behavior tests were carried out, including the elevated plus-maze test (Okonogi et al, 2018), the open field behavior test (Aulich, 1976) and the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test (Vorhees and Williams, 2006) to assess the emotion and the learning and memory abilities of the healthy mice.…”

Section: Healthy Mice Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Transcranial Electrical Simulation for Living Mice Based on Magneto-Acoustic Effect

et al. 2019

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Transcranial electrical stimulation is an important neuromodulation tool, which has been widely applied in the cognitive sciences and in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases. In this work, a novel non-invasive method of transcranial electrical stimulation with high-resolution transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation (TMAS) method has been tested experimentally in living mice for the first time. It can achieve spatial resolution of 2 mm in the cortex and even in the deep brain regions. The induced electrical field of TMAS was simulated and measured using a test sample. Then, an animal experimental system was built, and the healthy as well as Parkinson's disease (PD) mice were simulated by TMAS in vivo. To investigate the effect of transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) at the same time as TMAS, a TUS group was added in the experiments and its results compared with those of the TMAS group. The results not only demonstrate the high-resolution ability and safety of TMAS, but also show that both TMAS and TUS improved the synaptic plasticity of the PD mice and might improve the spatial learning and memory ability of the healthy mice and the PD mice, although the improvement performance of the TMAS group was superior to that of the TUS-group. Based on the in vivo TMAS studies, we propose that TMAS functions as a dual-mode stimulation combining the electric field of the magnetoacoustic effect and the mechanical force of TUS. Our results also provide an explanation of the mechanism of TMAS. This research suggests that future use of US stimulation in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided studies should involve careful consideration of the induced magneto-acoustic electrical field caused by the static magnetic field of MRI.

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Characterization of Peripheral Activity States and Cortical Local Field Potentials of Mice in an Elevated Plus Maze Test

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

Dopamine transporter (DAT) knockdown in the nucleus accumbens improves anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in adult mice

Dopamine transporter (DAT) knockdown in the nucleus accumbens improves anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in adult mice

Vagus nerve spiking activity associated with locomotion and cortical arousal states in a freely moving rat

High-Resolution Transcranial Electrical Simulation for Living Mice Based on Magneto-Acoustic Effect

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