Characterization of Physalaemin-Evoked Rat Saliva and Failure of Autonomic Blocking Agents to Modify Composition

Ca, Schneyer; Hd, Hall

doi:10.3181/00379727-127-32920

Cited by 19 publications

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“…It is also of interest to note that the composition of saliva from normally innervated salivary glands of the rat, studied in vitro or in vivo, after administration of the two tachykinins resembles that after activation of muscarinic and a-adrenergic receptors (see e.g. Schneyer & Hall 1968, Rudich & Butcher 1976, Martinez & Martinez 1981) and further, the electrophysiological events seem also similar (Gallacher & Petersen 1980, 1981.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Substance P and physalaemin, both undecapeptides and belonging to the family of tachykinins (see Bertaccini 1976), cause in some species a profound salivation, which is not abolished by parasympatholyqc or sympatholytic drugs (Bertaccini & Caro 1965, Leeman & Hammerschlag 1967, Emmelin & Lenninger 1967, Lembeck & Starke 1968, Schneyer & Hall 1968, Thulin 1976). In the salivary glands of the rat the concentration of substance P-like immunoreactivity is high (Robinson et al 1980, Brodin & Nilsson 1981 and further, substance P-containing nerves have been demonstrated by immunohistochemical methods (Hokfelt et al 1977).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Supersensitivity to substance P and physalaemin in rat salivary glands after denervation or decentralization

Ekström

Wahlestedt

1982

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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Substance P, a putative neurotransmitter in mammals, and physalaemin, present in the skin of an amphibian, are both undecapeptides and belong to the family of tachykinins. The secretory effect of these tachykinins on parotid and submaxillary glands of the rat was examined. Dose-response curves showed that in the unoperated glands maximal secretory responses were obtained to an intravenous dose of 5-10 micrograms/kg of the tachykinins, that the amount of saliva secreted from the submaxillary gland was twice that from the parotid gland, and that physalaemin was more potent than substance P. Parasympathetic denervation of the parotid gland and decentralization of the submaxillary gland caused a marked sensitization to the tachykinins, as judged by lowered threshold doses for secretion and increased secretory responses to a series of submaximal doses 3 weeks postoperatively. Sensitization was less marked after sympathetic denervation and decentralization; in the parotid gland decentralization caused, in fact, no sensitization while in the submaxillary gland the degree of sensitization was about the same after the two types of operation. The tachykinins acted directly on the gland cells and the effect was not exerted via cholinergic, alpha-adrenergic or beta-adrenergic receptors. The pattern of sensitization to the tachykinins, found in the present study, after the different types of operation is similar to that previously found to cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic agonists and different from that to a beta-adrenergic agonist. Studies by others have shown that in the rat parotid gland peptidergic receptors share a common intracellular pathway with cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors, whereas beta-adrenergic receptors use another pathway. In the present study it is suggested that this intracellular arrangement is of importance for the development of supersensitivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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confidence: 99%

Supersensitivity to substance P and physalaemin in rat salivary glands after denervation or decentralization

Ekström

Wahlestedt

1982

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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“…Such an effect of adrenaline and isoprenaline has been described by Ohlin and Perec [1965]. As has been found in the submaxillary and parotid glands of the dog and rat [Bertaccini and De Caro, 1965;Schneyer and Hall, 1968;Thulin, 1976] physalaemin evoked secretion from the sublingual gland of the rat and this was not mediated via activation of autonomic receptors. In contrast to these findings the salivary glands of the cat and the guinea-pig seem to be insensitive to physalaemin [Bertaccini and De Caro, 1965].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Secretory, Motor and Vascular Effects in the Sublingual Gland of the Rat Caused by Autonomic Nerve Stimulation

Templeton

Thulin

1978

Exp Physiol

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The influence of the autonomic nerves on sublingual glands of rats was studied. Stimulation of the chorda-lingual nerve evoked a lively flow of saliva and was also thought to contract the myoepithelial cells in the gland. Sympathetic nerve stimulation, on the other hand, usually evoked no secretion and did not cause any motor responses in the sublingual gland. The glandular blood flow was increased by chorda-lingual nerve stimulation, and this vasodilatation persisted also when atropine had been administered. Sympathetic nerve stimulation decreased the sublingual blood flow; this vasoconstrictor effect was mediated via activation of a-adrenoceptors.Rat salivary glands have been increasingly used to investigate the secretory mechanisms of water, electrolytes and organic substances in exocrine glands in vivo and in vitro [see Ohlin, 1966;Schneyer, Young and Schneyer, 1972;Young, 1973;Selinger, Eimerl, Savion and Schramm, 1974;Thulin, 1976]. The sublingual gland of the rat is considered to be a convenient system for comparative studies of secretion from serous and mucous cells since both cell types are present in the acini of this gland [Kim, Nasjleti and Han, 1972].The innervation pattern of the sublingual gland of the rat is well established morphologically. Thus, the autonomic nerve terminals which are present around the acini seem to be cholinergic and are in very close association with the parenchymal and myoepithelial cells [Snell and Garrett, 1957; Scott and Pease, 1959]. According to Norberg and Olson [1965] adrenergic nerve terminals are found only adjacent to the blood vessels and at a relatively long distance from the parenchymal and the myoepithelial cells, although it has been proposed that the mucous cells of the sublingual acini are sympathetically innervated [Fujiwara, Tanaka, Hattori and Honjo, 1966]. But no information is available concerning the influence of the autonomic nerves on different effector cells in the rat sublingual gland, although secretion elicited by different secretagogues such as methacholine, adrenaline and isoprenaline has been studied in this gland by Ohlin and Perec [1965]. Accordingly secretory and motor events in the sublingual gland resulting from nerve stimulation and the administration of drugs have now been studied. Observations on the glandular blood flow were also made. METHODSForty male Wistar rats (280-380 g), anaesthetized with chloralose (100 mg. kg-') administered via a cannulated femoral vein after induction with ether, were used. A tracheal tube was inserted. The sublingual duct was cannulated either on the right or on the left side with a glass 59

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“…Sialogogic actions of those tachykinins have also been described (Bertaccini and de Caro, 1965;Leeman and Hammerschlag, 1967;Schneyer and Hall, 1968;Rudich and Butcher, 1976;Fleming et al, 1984;Takano et al, 1985;Baba et al, 1995) but there are no detailed studies on the structure-activity relationships for salivation, except for reports on nine synthetic physalaemin analogues, physalaemin-related octapeptides (Lembeck et al, 1968a(Lembeck et al, , 1968b, 53 eledoisin analogues (de Caro, 1966), fragments of substance K (Takano et al, 1985) and C-terminal fragments of SP (Hanley et al, 1980). In contrast, there are several reports on the structure-activity studies of these tachykinins on intestinal smooth muscle contraction and hypotension (eg, Sandberg and Iversen, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure‐activity relationships of sialogogic heptapeptides analogous to physalaemin

Gao

2000

Oral Diseases

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OBJECTIVES: The rationale behind this study was to determine in detail which amino acids in physalaemin are crucial to its sialogogue activity, with a view of synthesizing new sialogogues which might be of use in the treatment of dry mouth. METHODS: With the progressive elimination of amino acids, one by one, from the C‐ and N‐terminal regions, 126 heptapeptides were newly synthesized by the multi‐pin peptide method, for comparison with 11 naturally occurring tachykinins. RESULTS: The C‐terminal amide in position 11 was essential for salivation, but not the pyrolidine group or the N‐terminal amino acid residues in positions 1 to 4. In 18 heptapeptides in which M in position 11 (M11) was replaced by another amino acid, one by one, none caused salivation. In 18 heptapeptides, in which L10 or G9 was replaced, three peptides caused salivation but none had significantly increased secretory activities. In 18 hepta‐peptides in which Y8 was replaced, four caused salivation but only one (I) had significantly increased secretory activity. In 18 heptapeptides in which F7 was replaced, only Y caused salivation but with significantly reduced secretory activity. In contrast, in 18 heptapeptides in which K6 and N5 were replaced, most caused salivation and some of them had significantly increased secretory activities. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the sequence FYGLM‐NH2 conserved in the C‐terminal region of phys‐alaemin is optimal, that amides in position 11 and F7 are very important for salivation, but that K6 and N5 can be replaced by some other amino acids, resulting in increased secretory activities.

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Characterization of Physalaemin-Evoked Rat Saliva and Failure of Autonomic Blocking Agents to Modify Composition

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Supersensitivity to substance P and physalaemin in rat salivary glands after denervation or decentralization

Supersensitivity to substance P and physalaemin in rat salivary glands after denervation or decentralization

Secretory, Motor and Vascular Effects in the Sublingual Gland of the Rat Caused by Autonomic Nerve Stimulation

Structure‐activity relationships of sialogogic heptapeptides analogous to physalaemin

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