Characterization of Physical and Biological Properties of a Caries-Arresting Liquid Containing Copper Doped Bioglass Nanoparticles

Abstract

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is an outstanding dental material for arresting and preventing caries, but some drawbacks, such as high flowability due to low viscosity and cytotoxicity to the pulp, have been reported. To overcome these problems, copper-doped bioactive glass nanoparticles (CuBGns) were combined with SDF. After synthesis, CuBGns were examined by physical analysis and added in SDF at different weight/volume% (SDF@CuBGn). After assessing physical properties (viscosity and flowability) of SDF@CuBGn, physicochemical properties (morphology before and after simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion and ion release) of SDF@CuBGn-applied hydroxyapatite (HA) discs were evaluated. Biological properties were further evaluated by cytotoxicity test to pulp stem cells and antibacterial effect on cariogenic organisms (Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus). Combining CuBGns in SDF increased the viscosity up to 3 times while lowering the flowability. More CuBGns and functional elements in SDF (Ag and F) were deposited on the HA substrate, even after SBF immersion test for 14 days, and they showed higher Cu, Ca, and Si release without changing F and Ag release. Cell viability test suggested lower cytotoxicity in SDF@CuBGn-applied HA, while CuBGns in SDF boosted antibacterial effect against S. aureus, ~27% in diameter of agar diffusion test. In conclusion, the addition of CuBGn to SDF enhances viscosity, Ag and F deposition, and antibacterial effects while reducing cell toxicity, highlighting the role of bioactive CuBGns for regulating physical and biological effects of dental materials.

Zinc-modified phosphate-based glass micro-filler improves Candida albicans resistance of auto-polymerized acrylic resin without altering mechanical performance

“…Most fillers are intended to augment microbial resistance 20 . To eliminate C. albicans, both micro-fillers and nano-fillers have been proposed [21][22][23] . Among these inorganic materials, zinc ions in particular have been explored as an alternative to conventional antimicrobials in dental materials 24,25 .…”

“…Among these inorganic materials, zinc ions in particular have been explored as an alternative to conventional antimicrobials in dental materials 24,25 . The aforementioned additives have shown variable microbial resistance, often observed to increase with increasing concentration of additives [21][22][23]26,27 . However, the antimicrobial effects of the additives are mostly associated with compromised mechanical properties 23 .…”

Effect of Exo/Endogenous Prophylaxis Dentifrice/Drug and Cariogenic Conditions of Patient on Molecular Property of Dental Biofilm: Synchrotron FTIR Spectroscopic Study

“…The biofilm directly and indirectly comes into contact with the oral fluid, which contains the ions and complexes required for enamel remineralisation [ 9 , 17 ]. Introduction into the oral cavity and subsequent accumulation in the biofilm of substances capable of forming chemically stable compounds in the enamel surface layer are tasks included in remineralising therapy, which can be performed by exogenous and endogenous methods [ 9 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Zinc-modified phosphate-based glass micro-filler improves Candida albicans resistance of auto-polymerized acrylic resin without altering mechanical performance

“…Most llers are intended to augment microbial resistance 20 . To eliminate C. albicans, both micro-llers and nano-llers have been proposed [21][22][23] . Among these inorganic materials, zinc ions, in particular, have been explored as an alternative to conventional antimicrobials in dental materials 24,25 .…”

“…They seem to offer at least some microbial resistance 21,22 but alter mechanical properties 23 : increasing the additive percentage further improves the anti-candidal response at the expense of mechanical and physical properties 26,27 .…”