Characterization of Plasma Formation and Mass Ejection in Exploding Foil Initiators

Borman, Alexander; Dowding, Colin

doi:10.1109/tps.2021.3056204

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A reliable flyer material needs to be robust, able to withstand an impulsive launch, and remain intact at speed approaching supersonic velocity. Various materials such as silicon, 3 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), 7 Mylar, 8 SU-8, 9 polyimide (PI), [10][11][12] parylene C (PC), 13 and PC/metal alloy 14,15 have been used for the preparation of FFI flyer. Compared with other materials, PI is a more commonly used flyer material that has several distinct advantages such as favorable dielectric properties and high thermal stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing cure temperature of polyimide flyer for exploding foil initiator applications

Sun

Zhan

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyimide (PI) is an ideal flyer material commonly used for exploding foil initiator (EFI) systems. The material properties of PI influence the flight ability of the flyer. Curing temperature during the preparation process of PI is one of the key factors influencing the material properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of the PI film curing temperature on the material properties and the flight ability by characterizing IR transmittance, XPS, and nano-hardness. The results show that the flight ability of the flyer is highly dependent on the curing temperature. Curing at 250 C is beneficial for the flyer to have an optimal flight velocity, which was attributed to the good chemical and mechanical behavior of the material. Increase in curing temperature would weaken the material properties to some extent.High-temperature cure (e.g., 400 C), would break the molecular chain and carbonize the material, causing significant drop in flight velocity of the flyer. The study is expected to contribute to the development of high-performance flyer for EFI applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing cure temperature of polyimide flyer for exploding foil initiator applications

Sun

Zhan

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Under the action of high pressure and heavy current, exploding foil generates high-temperature and high-pressure plasma to drive high-speed flyer to detonate explosives. So far, a range of materials such as polyimide [ 2 , 4 , 5 ], parylene C [ 6 ], polymethyl methacrylate [ 7 ], polyester [ 8 ], silicon [ 9 ], and PC/metal alloy [ 10 ] have been designed as flyer plate. Of the flyer materials mentioned above, polyimide is the most attractive engineering polymer [ 11 ], which exhibits thermal stability, outstanding mechanical properties, high radiation resistance, and excellent dielectric properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Ichihara [ 4 ] recently evaluated the energy conversion efficiency of an EFI that accelerates a flyer of polyimide film. Borman and Dowding [ 5 ] demonstrated the use of numerical simulation to predict the mass of plasma formed and subsequent mass ejected from an EFI with polyimide flyer during various initial circuit conditions. Sanchez [ 16 ] and collaborators reported the in situ investigation of EFI during flight with synchrotron sources, which further improves our understanding of the behavior of polyimide flyers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Performance Characterization of Exploding Foil Initiator Based on ODPA-ODA Polyimide Flyer

Fan

Zhan

et al. 2022

Polymers

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The exploding foil initiator (EFI) system has been extensively used in ignition and detonation sequences and proved to be of high safety and reliability. Polyimide is considered the ideal flyer material for EFI due to its excellent performance, including thermal stability, outstanding mechanical properties, high radiation resistance, and excellent dielectric properties. In this study, we prepared the EFI based on a polyimide (ODPA-ODA) flyer, which is spin-coated and solidified on patterned copper film in situ. The electric explosion test shows that the prepared EFI has good working performance, and the 4000 V working voltage drove the flyer to reach a maximum velocity of 5096 m/s. The polyimide morphology and chemical structure after the electric explosion was observed by microscope, SEM, XPS, and FTIR, which showed that the polyimide flyer underwent thermal deformation and complex chemical reactions during an electric explosion. A large number of polyimide bonds broke to form new carbonyl compounds, and the opening of aromatic rings was accompanied by the formation of aliphatic hydrocarbon chains. The morphology and chemical structure analysis after the electric explosion test will lay a foundation for us to further understand the working principle and evolution process of polyimide (ODPA-ODA) flyer.

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Energy conversion efficiency of electrical exploding foil accelerators

et al. 2021

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We evaluate the energy conversion efficiency of an electrical exploding foil accelerator that accelerates a thin dielectric foil (called the flyer) to more than 1 km/s, which is propelled by electrically exploded bridge material. The effective flyer mass ejected from the accelerator is estimated by impulse measurements obtained using a gravity pendulum as well as by time-resolving flyer velocity measurements obtained using a photonic Doppler velocimetry system. For two different bridge sizes (0.2 and 0.4 mm), the flyer velocity and impulse increase with the input energy at the bridge section. The maximum flyer velocity and impulse, that is, 4.0 km/s and 67 µN s, respectively, are obtained by supplying 0.33 J of input energy. Upon increasing the input energy, the effective flyer mass also increases and exceeds the designed-bridge mass for both bridge sizes. The energy conversion efficiency from input electrical energy to flyer kinetic energy is calculated based on the effective flyer mass, velocity, and input energy. Both bridge sizes show comparable efficiencies: 27% and 30% for 0.2 and 0.4 mm bridges, respectively. The efficiency increases with increasing specific input energy at least up to 15 MJ/kg for the 0.4 mm bridge, whereas the efficiency of the 0.2 mm bridge above 30 MJ/kg decreases. This is owing to the excessively high input energy density in the 0.2 mm bridge, which causes the effective flyer mass to increase by including surrounding materials. These results indicate that the specific input energy should be optimized for obtaining maximum efficiency.

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Characterization of Plasma Formation and Mass Ejection in Exploding Foil Initiators

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Optimizing cure temperature of polyimide flyer for exploding foil initiator applications

Optimizing cure temperature of polyimide flyer for exploding foil initiator applications

Preparation and Performance Characterization of Exploding Foil Initiator Based on ODPA-ODA Polyimide Flyer

Energy conversion efficiency of electrical exploding foil accelerators

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