Characterization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) materials under high-energy electron exposure

Shah, Jainisha; Bengtson, Miles; Collman, Sydney; Hoffmann, Ryan; Ferguson, Dale C.; Engelhart, Daniel P.; Plis, E.

doi:10.1007/s12567-023-00495-y

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…Conversely, artificial materials make up a much wider range of material types including paints, metals, photovoltaic cells, multilayer insulation, and more. Not many studies have been dedicated to the foundation of a comprehensive database of spectra of these artificial materials, but some relevant studies have focused on polyethylene terephthalate (or PET) materials, solar cell material, solar cell cover glass, aluminum, copper, and thermal control paints measured with various degrees of space-aging effects in a simulated GEO environment (Plis et al 2020(Plis et al , 2021Reyes et al 2021;Shah et al 2023). The lack of a unified spectral database along with the increased number of potential material combinations and appropriately estimated alteration effects to consider makes comparisons of artificial materials challenging (Bengtson et al 2022).…”

Section: Spectral Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Identifying Artificial Objects in the Near-Earth Object Population: Spectral Characterization of 2020 SO

Battle,

Reddy,

Sanchez

et al. 2024

Planet. Sci. J.

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Since the dawn of the Space Age, hundreds of payloads have been launched into heliocentric space. As near-Earth object (NEO) surveys search deeper for small asteroids, more artificial objects in heliocentric orbits are being discovered. We now face a challenge to identify the true nature of these objects and avoid contaminating the NEO catalog. Here, we present the methods used to characterize one such object. 2020 SO was discovered by the Pan-STARRS1 survey on 2020 September 17. Originally classified as a NEO, the object’s artificial nature became evident due to its low velocity relative to Earth and solar radiation pressure affecting its orbit about the Sun. Based on a backward propagation of its orbit, 2020 SO is thought to be a Centaur rocket body (R/B) from the launch of the Surveyor 2 mission to the Moon. We characterized 2020 SO using a range of ground-based optical and near-infrared telescopes to constrain its true nature. We find that its reflectance spectrum is consistent with that of other Centaur R/B launched during a similar time frame, and we identify 1.4, 1.7, and 2.3 μm absorption bands consistent with polyvinyl fluoride used on the aft bulkhead radiation shield exterior of Centaur-D R/B at the time.

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Section: Spectral Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Identifying Artificial Objects in the Near-Earth Object Population: Spectral Characterization of 2020 SO

Battle,

Reddy,

Sanchez

et al. 2024

Planet. Sci. J.

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Visible Spectral Atlas of Geostationary Satellites from Tucson, AZ for Differentiating Between Natural and Artificial Objects

Battle,

Reddy,

Furfaro

et al. 2024

Planet. Sci. J.

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As near-Earth object (NEO) surveys continue to search for smaller NEOs, they will also detect an increasing number of temporarily captured objects, or minimoons, in geocentric orbital space. Derelict spacecraft and debris in Earth orbit and cislunar space can be mistaken for minimoons, but spectral characterization can distinguish between the two categories of objects. However, systematic noncompositional effects due to nightly and seasonal phase angle changes on artificial objects need to be quantified before such distinctions can be made. These effects have been studied on small solar system bodies, but very little on artificial bodies. We present the reduced data of our multiyear visible wavelength (450–950 nm) spectral campaign of the geostationary Earth-orbiting (GEO) satellite belt from Tucson, AZ, and include comparisons to relevant planetary materials. Although some bus types have steeper spectral slopes than planetary materials, certain bus type spectral features can be confused for planetary materials. One example is a rollover at red wavelengths in the Eurostar-3000 bus-type spectrum that appears similar to mineralogical absorption bands on S- and L-type asteroids. Observations include a total of 96 unique GEO satellites across 192 separate nights from 2020 to 2022. A select subset of GEO satellites is repeatedly observed to measure seasonal variations. Our methods for data acquisition, processing, and cleaning are outlined in this paper. A summary of the atlas shows the full night median spectrum with phase variations and a lightcurve of brightness versus phase angle for each of the 284 sets of data collected.

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Characterization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) materials under high-energy electron exposure

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

Challenges in Identifying Artificial Objects in the Near-Earth Object Population: Spectral Characterization of 2020 SO

Challenges in Identifying Artificial Objects in the Near-Earth Object Population: Spectral Characterization of 2020 SO

Visible Spectral Atlas of Geostationary Satellites from Tucson, AZ for Differentiating Between Natural and Artificial Objects

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