Characterization of Polymer-Solvent Interactions and Their Temperature Dependence Using Inverse Gas Chromatography

Abstract

Inverse gas chromatography has been used to measure specific retention volumes and to derive a comprehensive set of interaction parameters for 9 polymers and 43 solvents at 6 temperatures from 60 to 110 °C. The specific retention volume, the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter %i2, and the excess cohesive energy parameter Bi2 are presented for each polymer-solvent system as a function of temperature.

Solubility parameter determination of cationic surfactants by inverse GC

“…(PO Pw)/PO (6) wherej is the James-Martin compressibility correction factor, Po represents the outlet column pressure, Fo is the flow rate measured at pressure po and at temperature Tj, p~ is the water vapour pressure at T> and tM is the dead time of the column which was measured using the air peak obtained from the thermal conductivity detector.…”

“…6 Figure 2. Solubility parameter of DODDAB obtained from X~~ parameter calculated from chromatographic aata at 100 ~ tants and the Hydrophile-Lypophile Balance (HLB).…”

Relationship between GLC retention data and topological indices for a wide variety of solutes on five stationary phases of different polarity

“…Tables I-III list the 1 st-order valence connectivity indices, 1 X , and the decimal logarithm of the specific retention volume for up to 43 solutes on the phases PEA and PDMS [40], for 43 solutes on the phase PBD [37], and for ca sixty solutes on the Figure I. Plot of log Vg against the molecular connectivity index, Ix", for 30 solutes on the PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) stationary phase, o, n-alkanes from propane to undecane, cycloalkanes from Z = 4 to Z = 8, cyclohexene, cyclohexadiene, benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene; e, oxygenated compounds: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and n-butyl acetates, propanone and butanone, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol and n-pentanol.…”

“…Table IV lists the valence connectivity index increments, A(1X" ), and the retention index increments, A(/), for 26 derivatives of benzene on the low-polarity stationary phases Apiezon L, SE-30 and squalane [34]. Table V summarizes Figure 1 is a plot of logVg against 1X ~ for two groups of solutes, one comprising 18 hydrocarbons (nine n-alkanes, four cycloalkanes and five cycloalkenes) the other comprising 12 oxygenated compounds (six carbonyl compounds, four alkan-1-ols and two cyclic ethers) on the low polarity stationary phase PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) [40]. Although acceptable linear correlation is apparent, dividing the solutes into six groups results in improved correlation, as will be shown below.…”

“…The reason for the choice of Vg for this work is that it is the most important GLC magnitude, a direct measure of retention, from which the retention index is obtained by log Vg interpolation. [40]. The solutes investigated (see Tables I-IV) were hydrocarbons (n-alkanes with Z = 5 to 17 and cycloalkanes with Z = 5 to 8), cyclohexene, cyclohexadiene, p-xylene, hex-l-yne, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, benzene, methylbenzene, ethytbenzene, n-propylbenzene, n-butylbenzene, n-pentylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, tert-butylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, isopropenylbenzene, halogenated compounds (chloromethanes CH3C1, CH2C12, CHC13 and CCI4; n-alkyl chlorides with Z = 4 to 8), dichloroethanes, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1-bromopropane, l-bromoethylbenzene, 1-bromomethylbenzene, iodobenzene, bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and fluorobenzene), ketones (ket-2-ones with Z= 3 to 11, pentan-3-one, cyclohexanone and acetophenone), alcohols (n-alkanols with Z = 2 to 8, isopropanol, 2-methylpentan-2-ol, benzyl alcohol and cyclohexanol), nitriles with Z = 2 to 6 and benzonitrile, aldehydes (isobutyraldehyde, benzaldehyde and heptanal), esters (methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and n-butyl acetates, methyl, ethyl, npropyl and n-butyl formates, ethyl benzoate and benzyl acetate), ethers (diethyl and dibutyl ether, anisole,p-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran), amines (n-butyl and n-hexylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, aniline and 2,6-dimethylaniline) and nitro compounds (nitromethane, 1-nitropropane and nitrobenzene).…”