Characterization of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in bitumen, heavy oil fractions boiling above 350 °C by g.c.-m.s.

Effect of Coal Liquefaction Conditions on the Composition of the Product Oil

“…For qualitative GC analysis, 10% solutions in THF of standards and samples under study were prepared. Samples identifications were performed by comparing the retention times of the known compounds (standards) if not available from the (Mcclennen et al, 1983;Poirier and Das, 1984;Singh et al, 2003;Weast et al, 1984;Zhang et al, 1997).…”

“…One of the most effective methods used is the catalyst impregnation to coal. At the end of catalytic and noncatalytic liquefaction, depending upon liquefaction conditions, many compounds were formed in order to produce clean fuel from coal (Artok and Schobert, 2000;Filho et al, 2002;Mcclennen et al, 1983;Poirier and Das, 1984). However, these compounds have not been completely identified.…”

“…Earlier studies revealed that the compounds of oil group consisted of 2 and 3 ring aromatic, hydroaromatic and heteroaromatic compounds and hydrocarbons until C 30 (Filho et al, 2002). Identification of liquefaction products have been performed by using instrumental methods, i.e., high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography/infrared spectrometry (LC-IR), mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS-MS) (Zhang et al, 1997;Ekinci et al, 2002;Filho et al, 2002;Mcclennen et al, 1983;Poirier and Das, 1984).…”

Desulfurization of Benzonaphthothiophenes and Dibenzothiophene with a Raney Nickel Catalyst

“…OF HEAVY PETROLEUM FEEDSTOCKS and coalderived liquids requires the conversion of high-molecular-weight compounds such as dibenzothiophene and the benzonaphthothiophenes (1)(2)(3). Several studies have investigated the mechanism of hydrodesulfurization of polynuclear thiophenes on cobalt or nickel molybdenum catalysts at high pressures (4)(5)(6).…”

Effects of Coal Liquefaction Parameters on the Removal of Oxygen and the Higher Heating Value of the Soluble Products

“…Various instrumental methods have been used to examine the structural characterization of char and the soluble products; that is, functional group changes (Akrami et al, 1997;Brodzki et al, 1995;Collin et al, 1983;Desando and Ripmeester, 2002;Katoh and Ouchi, 1987;Masuda et al, 1996;Poirier and Das, 1984;Schweighardt et al, 1976). In this study, changes in functional groups with oxygen have been examined by FT-I.R.…”