Characterization of Rain Attenuation in 80–200 GHz Radio Links Considering Non-Spherical Raindrops

Pimienta‐del‐Valle, Domingo; Riera, José Manuel; Pérez-Peña, Santiago; Garcia‐del‐Pino, Pedro; Benarroch, Ana

doi:10.23919/eucap53622.2022.9769315

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The analysis of the rain events indicates that the use of the coefficients defined in Recommendation ITU-R P.838-3 to derive specific attenuation from the rain rate tends to underestimate the impact of precipitation, in accordance with the outcomes of Pimienta-del-Valle et al (2022). On the other hand, the exploitation of the DSD offers a much better prediction accuracy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…(2021) and Pimienta‐del‐Valle et al. (2022), where the information on the microphysical properties of rainfall is used to accurately estimate the induced attenuation in the 80–200 GHz band. On the other hand, it is also vital to conduct propagation experiments, which represent the first key step for the development of propagation models aimed at predicting the statistics of the rain attenuation affecting terrestrial links.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Long‐Term Experimental Investigation on the Impact of Rainfall on Short 6G D‐Band Links

et al. 2023

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The D band, extending from 130 to 175 GHz, is currently being considered a potential candidate to enable 6G communications (Zhang et al., 2019) (Saad et al., 2020). Thanks to its large bandwidth, it is expected to support the continuous increase in traffic and provide ultra-fast data rates (up to 100 Gb/s), in compliance with the upcoming network requirements . On the other hand, the detrimental effects that the atmosphere induces on electromagnetic (EM) waves quickly increase as we shift to the higher portion of the spectrum. The influence of gas (water vapor and oxygen), suspended water droplets (fog), and hydrometeors (e.g., hail, snow, and rain) play a significant role in causing impairments to EM propagation at higher bands (Paraboni et al., 2002). Among these, rainfall causes the strongest deterioration to the signal as the raindrop dimensions are comparable in size to the wavelength, specifically inducing scattering and absorption of the incident EM wave. Hence, it is necessary to investigate the effects of rain on the propagating EM waves, even more so because, at higher frequencies, the estimation of the impact of precipitation becomes complex due to the dependence of the specific attenuation on the shape and dimension of raindrops. This goal can be achieved by means of theoretical studies, such as those presented in Pérez-Pena et al. ( 2021) and Pimienta-del-Valle et al. ( 2022), where the information on the microphysical properties of rainfall is used to accurately estimate the induced attenuation in the 80-200 GHz band. On the other hand, it is also vital to conduct propagation experiments, which represent the first key step for the development of propagation models aimed at predicting the statistics of the rain attenuation affecting terrestrial links. Some previous experiments focused on characterizing the indoor channels at D band (Chen & Cao, 2013) , while (Ishii et al., 2016) investigated the impact of rain attenuation on links at D band, but only on a short-term basis (2 months) and considering quite a limited precipitation intensity (11 mm/hr maximum). To the best of our knowledge, no long term outdoor propagation experiment at D band has been conducted yet.Originating from the collaboration between Politecnico di Milano and the Huawei European Microwave Centre in Milan, this research activity aims at filling this gap by investigating the effect of the atmosphere on two D-band terrestrial links. The experimental setup in Milan, Italy, consists of a 325 m D-band link operating with a carrier frequency equal to 156 GHz used to investigate the effect of rain attenuation, starting from the received power.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Long‐Term Experimental Investigation on the Impact of Rainfall on Short 6G D‐Band Links

et al. 2023

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“…In the past, both optical and electromagnetic waves were used to characterise propagation behaviours [10][11][12][13][14]. Sporadic measurement and/or simulation at the sub-THz bands had been reported [15][16][17][18], besides rain and atmospheric attenuation [7,[19][20][21][22][23][24]. Lately, numerous measurement reports based on electromagnetic waves have been published, associated with IEEE 802.15.3d [25], 5G beyond and/or 6G (See [26][27][28][29] and references therein for a full survey).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement‐based omnidirectional millimetre‐wave and sub‐THz propagation analysis in a large cubicle office environment

Lee

Park

Kim

et al. 2023

IET Microwaves Antenna & Prop

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For 5G beyond and/or 6G mobile services, a new spectrum at frequencies above 100 GHz has received great attention lately. To characterise the similarities and the differences between frequencies below 100 GHz and above 100 GHz, this paper provides analyses of multi‐frequency propagation characteristics based on wideband measurements at 28, 38, 71, 82, and 159 GHz, with an emphasis on the sub‐THz (i.e. the 159 GHz) propagation characteristics. All the frequency measurements were conducted in the same cubicle office room environment by locating the transmitter and the receiver at the same positions. The measurement results show that the path loss and the shadow fading characteristics do not exhibit significant differences depending on the frequency range from 28 to 159 GHz. However, the delay spread shows a generally decreasing trend as the frequency increases. Additionally, angular domain analyses were conducted with the 159 GHz measurements.

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“…Two sets of analyses have been carried out, in one rain specific attenuation is derived using the Mie scattering theory for spherical rain drops [7]− [8] and in the other rain specific attenuation has been calculated for a non-spherical drop model using electromagnetic simulations carried out with CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS) [9]. The results presented so far were based on the spherical drop model [10] and initial CST MWS simulations carried on only for a small number of frequencies [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data used in the work presented in [10]− [11] have been extended in two different ways: in the first place, now the full range 3-300 GHz has been simulated with CST MWS and the extinction cross sections for non-spherical raindrops are available with 1-GHz resolution for horizontal and vertical polarizations; in the second place, two additional years of data have been processed, completing a total of 14 consecutive years of experimental DSD (2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019)(2020)(2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain Attenuation of Millimeter Waves Investigated from Drop Size Distributions

Mata-Alonso,

Manuel Riera,

Pimienta-del-Valle

et al. 2023

2023 17th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)

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Millimeter waves are expected to be among the main radio resources used in future 5G+ and 6G technologies. Rain attenuation is one of the most relevant propagation effects in these bands, compromising the maximum distance and/ or availability achievable at these frequencies. The scarcity of experimental measurements, especially above 40 GHz, can be mitigated by research based on detailed long-term meteorological data and physical models to predict rain attenuation. An investigation of this kind is presented in this paper, using a 14-year database of rain DSD gathered in Madrid, Spain, with a laser disdrometer and values of extinction cross-sections of drops with the normalized diameters of the disdrometer obtained with electromagnetic simulations for H and V polarization and a model for non-spherical raindrops. The results of the research are used to assess the predictions of the ITU-R model of specific attenuation versus rain rate, to analyze the impact of using this approach instead of the conventional use of that ITU-R model in the design of millimeter-wave links, and to validate, as far as possible, the procedures by the comparison with some available measurements from the same site.

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Characterization of Rain Attenuation in 80–200 GHz Radio Links Considering Non-Spherical Raindrops

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

A Long‐Term Experimental Investigation on the Impact of Rainfall on Short 6G D‐Band Links

A Long‐Term Experimental Investigation on the Impact of Rainfall on Short 6G D‐Band Links

Measurement‐based omnidirectional millimetre‐wave and sub‐THz propagation analysis in a large cubicle office environment

Rain Attenuation of Millimeter Waves Investigated from Drop Size Distributions

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