Characterization of residual stress and texture in cast steel railroad wheels

Clark, Ann L.; Fukuoka, Hidekazu; Mitraković, D. V.; Moulder, John C.

doi:10.1016/0041-624x(86)90106-x

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…We measured the birefringence with an SH-wave EMAT in pulse-echo setup using a simple velocity measurement system (described elsewhere [5]). We also measured the birefringence using the same piezoelectric transducer used in Refs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the SH-waves propagate through the same thickness, v -v e r T -T r e (4) so that the equation for calculating the difference in principal stresses is given by (5) Problems arising in using equations (5) for obtaining the difference in principal stresses are: (1) the influence of texture and (2) the small value of stress-acoustic constant (CA-10-5/MPa). The value of B 0 can be obtained by measurements on unstressed reference samples (provided that the wheels are sufficiently homogeneous).…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonic Characterization of Residual Stress and Texture in Cast Steel Railroad Wheels

Clark

Fukuoka

Mitraković

et al. 1987

Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation

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An ultrasonic technique has been used to characterize the state of residual stress and texture in the rims of cast steel railroad wheels. Orthogonally polarized shear-horizontal (SH) waves are propagated through the thickness of the rim in pulse-echo mode. The (normalized) difference of arrival times of these waves (acoustic birefringence) depends upon both texture and stress. The birefringence, B, was measured with two transducers: an electromagnetic-acoustic transducer (EMAT) and a piezoelectric transducer made of PZT.Two wheels were tested. The first wheel had a sawcut, which locally relieved the residual (hoop) stress. Measurement of the birefringence at the sawcut allowed us to estimate the contribution of texture, which we subtracted from values of B at stressed locations. Values of hoop stress obtained with the EMAT and PZT transducer agreed to within 10 MPa, for transducers placed on the center of the back face of the rim.The second (uncut) wheel had been heat treated and air quenched, giving a different microstructure. Measurements of B were made with both transducers at different radial and circumferential locations. We estimate that the values of hoop stress obtained with the two transducers will differ by less than 25 MPa for this wheel. Furthermore, the EMAT required less surface preparation of the rim than the PZT transducer, indicating the potential for use of EMATs for residual stress measurements in the field.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Characterization of Residual Stress and Texture in Cast Steel Railroad Wheels

Clark

Fukuoka

Mitraković

et al. 1987

Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation

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“…The acoustic birefringence B, that is, the velocity difference of shear waves with the polarization in the principal directions, is then expressed in terms of the resonance frequencies; (2)), n n n n (2) where f (1) and f (2) denote the n-th resonance frequencies of shear wave modes pglarized iR 01 and 02 directions (see Fig.l). The plate thickness has been eliminated, which is beneficial from application viewpoints.…”

Section: Resonance Frequency and Acoustoelasticity Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since such a stress measurement technique is rather inefficient, a new technique of stress measurement has been requested. Birefringence acoustoelasticity is one of the possible alternatives [1,2,3]. Stresses in the material make it acoustically anisotropic and the ultrasonic shear wave shows acoustic birefringence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Resonance Method with EMAT for Stress Measurement in Thin Plates

Fukuoka

Hirao

Yamasaki

et al. 1993

Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation

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“…For example, [4] describes such measurements in steel wires, [5] in cast steel, [6] in forged steel and [7] presents results of measurements in wood. Also, the dependence of stress induced velocity changes on material structure was investigated [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Sets of Piezoelectric Probeheads for Stress Evaluation with Subsurface Waves

Szelążek

2013

J Nondestruct Eval

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This paper discusses the development of piezoelectric ultrasonic probeheads for measurements of time of flight of subsurface or surface wave ultrasonic pulses. Sets of such probes found application in ultrasonic stress evaluation. In precise measurements of time of flight using piezoelectric transducers, the main source of time scatter proved to be variation in the condition of liquid couplant layers. The thickness of this couplant layer depends on surface roughness of the sample being evaluated. Paper describes a new configuration of probes, composed of two transmitting and four receiving probes arranged along one line, designed to reduce coupling influence on readings. Presented is comparison of readings obtained with known sets of probes and with a new one. Also presented are results of residual stress evaluation performed with various 6-transducer sets of probes on railroad rails, monoblock railroad wheels and pillars of hydraulic press. All measurements were performed in industrial conditions, without any special surface preparation.

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Characterization of residual stress and texture in cast steel railroad wheels

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Ultrasonic Characterization of Residual Stress and Texture in Cast Steel Railroad Wheels

Ultrasonic Characterization of Residual Stress and Texture in Cast Steel Railroad Wheels

Ultrasonic Resonance Method with EMAT for Stress Measurement in Thin Plates

Sets of Piezoelectric Probeheads for Stress Evaluation with Subsurface Waves

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