Characterization of Rhodococcus equi isolates from submaxillary lymph nodes of wild boars (Sus scrofa), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Rzewuska, Magdalena; Witkowski, Lucjan; Cisek, Agata Anna; Stefańska, Ilona; Chrobak, D.; Stefaniuk, Elżbieta; Kizerwetter-Świda, Magdalena; Takaı̈, Shinji

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.04.020

Cited by 17 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…detected in the human patients in the current study, although this was expected given the predominance of porcine type in immunosuppressed humans from Brazil, particularly type 8, as previously described (Ribeiro, Takai et al, 2011). In this regard, a similar geographic identification of pVAPB types of R. equi both in humans and pigs/wild boars have been observed, with predominance of pVAPB type 5 in Europe (Makrai et al, 2002;Rzewuska et al, 2014), types 1 and 2 in Asia (Sakai et al, 2012;Takai et al, 2003), and type 8 in South America (Lara et al, 2015;Ribeiro, Lara et al, 2011;Ribeiro, Takai et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In cattle, R. equi infections are sparse and reported as purulent lymph node lesions, usually from animals suspected of tuberculosis (Dvorska et al., ; Flynn et al., ; Sahraoui et al., ; Soedarmanto, Oliveira, Lammler, & Durrling, ). Conversely, increasing concern regarding R. equi in non‐horse species has been observed, due isolation of pathogen in lymph nodes and other organs from apparently healthy cattle, pigs, wild boars, and hunted animals intended for human consumption (Rzewuska et al., ; Witkowski, Rzewuska, Takai, Kizerwetter‐Świda, & Kita, ; Witkowski et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel bovine-associated pVAPN plasmid type in Rhodococcus equi identified from lymph nodes of slaughtered cattle and lungs of people living with HIV/AIDS

Ribeiro

Lara

Silva

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Rhodococcus equi is a well-recognized Gram-positive intracellular facultative bacterium that is opportunistic in nature, which causes pyogranulomatous infections in humans and multiple host animals. The pathogenicity of the microorganism has been attributed to the presence of plasmid-encoded virulence-associated proteins (Vap). To date, three host-associated virulence plasmid types of R. equi have been identified as follows: the circular pVAPA and pVAPB, related, respectively, to equine and porcine isolates, and a recently described linear pVAPN plasmid associated with bovine strains, although these three types are found in human isolates. Recent phylogenomic studies support the evidence that human R. equi infection is zoonotically acquired. Nevertheless, data regarding distribution and prevalence of the host-adapted virulence plasmid types of R. equi isolated from meat animals are scarce or unnoticed. Here, the three host-associated virulence plasmid types (pVAPA, pVAPB, and pVAPN) were investigated in 154 R. equi isolates recovered from lymph nodes of cattle with lymphadenitis (n = 31), faeces of cattle without enteric signs (n = 49), as well as different clinical specimens from human patients (n = 74). The analysis of virulence profile of 74 R. equi from humans revealed six (8.1%) isolates pVAPB (type 8), two (2.7%) pVAPN, and one (1.3%) pVAPB (type 11), all of which were from lung samples from people living with HIV/AIDS. From the lymph node samples of cattle, 41.9% (13 of 31) isolates revealed pVAPN type, whereas all isolates from faecal samples were negative for three host-associated types. Here, recently described bovine-associated pVAPN type was detected in R. equi isolates recovered from the lungs of people living with HIV/AIDS and lymph nodes from slaughtered cattle intended for human consumption; a finding that represents a public health concern, mainly in countries where undercooked or raw meat are traditionally consumed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel bovine-associated pVAPN plasmid type in Rhodococcus equi identified from lymph nodes of slaughtered cattle and lungs of people living with HIV/AIDS

Ribeiro

Lara

Silva

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…A peculiar geographic distribution of the virulence plasmid profile of R. equi in swine species has been observed worldwide. In Europe, particularly in Hungary (Makrai et al 2002(Makrai et al , 2005 and Poland (Witkowski et al 2016), a predominance of R. equi pVAPB (VapB) type 5 (or variant) in the submandibular lymph nodes of pigs and wild boars (Sus scrofa) has been described (Rzewuska et al 2014). Conversely, R. equi pVAPB (VapB) types 1 and 2 were the most frequent types (variants) identified in Asia, Thailand (Takai et al 2003) and Japan (SAKAI et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Mycobacterium species and Rhodococcus equi in peccary lymph nodes

Morais

Bolaños

Alves

et al. 2018

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Mycobacterium species and the virulence-associated proteins (vapA, vapB, and vapN genes) of Rhodococcus equi isolated from 330 lymph nodes of collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) and white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) intended for human consumption were investigated. Thirty-six (10.9%) R. equi strains were isolated; 3.3% (n = 11/330) were from white-lipped peccary lymph nodes, and 7.6% (25/330) were from collared peccary lymph nodes. Among the 11 isolates of R. equi from the white-lipped peccaries, 90.9% (n = 10/11) were obtained from the mesenteric lymph nodes, and only 9.1% (n = 1/10) were obtained from the mediastinal lymph nodes. In the 25 isolates of R. equi obtained from the collared peccaries, 40.0% (n = 10/25) were recovered from the mesenteric lymph nodes, 36% (n = 9/25) from the submandibular lymph nodes, and 24.0% (n = 6/25) from the mediastinal lymph nodes. No vapA, vapB, or vapN genes (plasmidless) or three host-associated types (pVAPA, pVAPB, and pVAPN) were identified among the R. equi isolates. Mycobacterium species were isolated in 3.03% (n = 10/330) of all the lymph nodes analyzed. Among the 10 mycobacterial isolates, 60% (n = 6/10) were from the white-lipped peccary lymph nodes, and 40% (n = 4/10) were from the collared peccary lymph nodes. Ten Mycobacterium species were detected by PCR-PRA with a predominance of M. avium type 1. Sequencing of the hsp65 and rpob genes revealed mycobacteria that were saprophytic (M. sinense and M. kumamotonense) and potentially pathogenic (M. colombiense and M. intracellulare) to humans and animals. To our knowledge, this is the first description of R. equi and/or mycobacterial species identified in the lymph nodes of peccary specimens. R. equi (plasmidless) and the mycobacterial species described here have been reported as causes of pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised humans.

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“…Then, very high R. equi prevalence of 52 % was noticed in submaxillary lymph nodes of wild boars in Japan [ 20 ]. Recently, R. equi isolation from lymphatic tissues has also been described in Poland [ 21 ]. Furthermore, the case of bronchopneumonia in wild boars caused by R. equi was reported in 2013 in Brazil [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…R. equi were isolated from feces of deer in New Zealand [ 1 ] and African indigenous ruminants [ 2 ]. The first isolation of R. equi from tissues of healthy roe deer and red deer was reported in 2014 [ 21 ]. Infection in wild ruminants associated with R. equi , has been thus far described only in American bison ( Bison bison ) with paratuberculosis where this bacterium was isolated from caseous necrotic lesions together with Mycobacterium avium subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and genetic diversity of Rhodococcus equi in wild boars (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Poland

et al. 2015

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BackgroundRhodococcus equi is now considered an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Sources and routes of human infection remain unclear but foodborne transmission seems to be the most probable way. Strains of pig or bovine type are most often isolated from human cases and moreover R. equi is present in submaxillary lymph nodes of apparently healthy pigs and wild boars intended for human consumption. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of R. equi in submaxillary lymph nodes in wild boars, roe deer and red deer.ResultsSamples were collected from 936 animals and 27 R. equi strains were isolated, from 5.1 % of wild boars (23/452), 0.7 % of red deer (2/272) and 0.9 % of roe deer (2/212). Genetic diversity of all 27 isolates was studied using VspI-PFGE method, resulting in the detection of 25 PFGE patterns and four PFGE clusters. PFGE patterns of the isolates were compared with virulence plasmid types and no concordance was observed.ConclusionsR. equi was present in wild animal tissues and consumption of the game may be a potential source of R. equi infection for humans. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first epidemiological report of R. equi prevalence in tissues of roe deer and red deer. However, risk associated with wild ruminant consumption seems marginal.Investigation of R. equi transmission between animals and humans based exclusively on types of virulence plasmids seems to be insufficient to identify sources of R. equi infection for people.

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Characterization of Rhodococcus equi isolates from submaxillary lymph nodes of wild boars (Sus scrofa), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Novel bovine-associated pVAPN plasmid type in Rhodococcus equi identified from lymph nodes of slaughtered cattle and lungs of people living with HIV/AIDS

Novel bovine-associated pVAPN plasmid type in Rhodococcus equi identified from lymph nodes of slaughtered cattle and lungs of people living with HIV/AIDS

Identification of Mycobacterium species and Rhodococcus equi in peccary lymph nodes

Prevalence and genetic diversity of Rhodococcus equi in wild boars (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Poland

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