Characterization of RNA synthesis during a one-step growth curve and of the replication mechanism of bovine viral diarrhoea virus

Gong, Yunhao; Trowbridge, Rachel; Macnaughton, Thomas B.; Westaway, E. G.; Shannon, Anthony; Gowans, Eric J.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-77-11-2729

Cited by 74 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…NS correlated with PS concentrations, with PS/NS ratios ranging from 3 to 340, comparable with data from two recent studies of a limited number of patients with chronic hepatitis C with methods using amplification of the 5 0 -UTR [Yuki et al, 2006;Carriere et al, 2007]. The PS/NS correlation suggests that HCV, like other Flaviviridae adopts an asymmetric and semi-conservative replication [Chu and Westaway, 1985;Gong et al, 1996;Pawlotsky et al, 2007]. Kinetic analysis of HCV-RNA synthesis in cells harboring a full-length HCVreplicon revealed that PS-RNA and NS-RNA increased in parallel during in vitro cultivation and that NS was approximately 10% of PS concentration [Hiasa et al, 2006].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Quantitation of replication of the HCV genome in human livers with end‐stage cirrhosis by strand‐specific real‐time RT‐PCR assays: Methods and clinical relevance

Lin

Libbrecht

Verbeeck

et al. 2009

Journal of Medical Virology

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HCV replicates in liver via an intermediate negative strand RNA. To study the relevance of HCV genome replication, quantitative strandspecific HCV real-time RT-PCR assays were developed and applied to livers explanted because of end-stage cirrhosis. The assays have broad ranges of determination and a high reproducibility and accuracy. Analysis of five different samples showed an even distribution of HCV genomes in four livers. Hepatic concentrations of positive (PS)-and negative (NS)-strand RNA did correlate with each other, with PS/NS ratios ranging between 3 and 340. Hepatic concentrations of HCV-PS or -NS RNA did not correlate with serum HCV-RNA levels or with genotypes. A high HCV envelope-2 protein expression correlated with a low NS concentration. HCV-PS and -NS levels, E2 protein expression and genotype did not correlate with biochemical tests or with histological changes in the explanted liver, but the ratio NS/PS, a marker of viral replication, correlated with the severity of the recurrent post-transplant hepatitis caused by HCV. This suggests the existence of an extra-hepatic location of HCV with comparable viral replication rate being responsible for the infection of the newly transplanted liver.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Quantitation of replication of the HCV genome in human livers with end‐stage cirrhosis by strand‐specific real‐time RT‐PCR assays: Methods and clinical relevance

Lin

Libbrecht

Verbeeck

et al. 2009

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…A lower viral load for both BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 was evident in our study compared to the results of Lucchini et al (2012), while the BVDV-1 load was almost similar to that found by Turin et al, 2013. Since the assays for viral load in PBMCs were performed 24 hr p.i., it is likely that the replication cycle was complete at the time of assay, as BVDV eclipse period has been reported to be completed at about 12 hr in bovine cells (Gong et al, 1996) and although one-step growth curve has yet to be determined in PBMCs, highest viral load of BVDV-1 in PBMCs from BVDV-naïve cattle has been found 36 hr p.i. (Turin et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from field cattle immune to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are permissive in vitro to BVDV

Gupta¹,

Mishra²,

Pateriya³

et al. 2014

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Summary. -The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro permissivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-immune field cattle to homologous and heterologous BVDVs. PBMCs from seventeen BVDV-naïve and sixteen BVDV-immune animals were infected with noncytopathic BVDV-1 or BVDV-2. The immune status of cattle was indicated by the presence of virus neutralizing antibodies, while viral load of PBMCs was determined by real-time RT-PCR. The results revealed that the PBMCs from naïve or immune animals were permissive to either BVDV-1 or BVDV-2, but the viral load was significantly higher for the naïve than for the immune animals. Furthermore, the load of homologous virus in PBMCs from immune animals was lower than that of heterologous virus. Our results provide evidence that the PBMCs from BVDV-immune cattle in field are susceptible to reinfection with homologous or heterologous BVDV, albeit to a lower extent in the former case.

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“…Replicative forms are defined as double-stranded RNA molecules; replicativeintermediate forms contain the double-stranded region as well as nascent single-stranded RNA molecules. Both replicative form and replicative-intermediate RNAs are detected in cells infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus, a pestivirus, 32 and Kunjin virus, a flavivirus. 33 The ratio of replicative-intermediate and replicative form fluctuates from 4:1 to 1:2 for the Kunjin virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Human Liver

Chang

Williams

Mittler

et al. 2003

The American Journal of Pathology

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication at the cellular level is not fully understood. This study describes an optimized system for quantifying replication of HCV in hepatocytes and in liver tissues. A digital image analysis method was developed to quantify signal intensities of HCV genomic and replicative-intermediate1 Symptomatic differences among infected individuals have generated considerable interest in elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of HCV disease.Previous studies have described the levels of HCV genomes in patient sera in cohorts either on therapeutic drug regimens, untreated, or undergoing liver transplantation. As a whole, these studies have failed to find a consistent relationship between serum titers and the degree of hepatic injury.2-4 The ratios of HCV genome RNA in liver and serum compartments are significantly different among chronically infected patients.2,5-8 These reports suggest that hepatic injury, serum titers, and intrahepatic viral replication do not display a linear relationship during chronic hepatitis C infection.HCV is a positive strand RNA virus that is classified as a Hepacivirus within the Flaviviridae family.9 By analogy with other members of the Flaviviridae, it is assumed that HCV replication requires production of negative strand replicative-intermediate RNA, from which progeny genomic strand RNA is transcribed. The presence of negative strand RNA in cells indicates ongoing HCV replication and synthesis of progeny genomic RNA in these cells. Previously, we and others have used strand-specific in situ hybridization to localize positive strand and negative strand HCV RNAs in infected human liver tissue. 10 The percentage of hepatocytes positive for genomic RNA ranged from 4.8 to 87.6%, 10 -12 whereas those positive for replicative-intermediate RNA ranged from 4 to 25%. 10,13 On visualization, the distribution and abundance of genomic RNA appeared to be different from that of replicative-intermediate RNA, suggesting compartmentalization or regulation of replication may occur.To further characterize HCV replication in liver tissue, we developed an image analysis method to measure quantitative amounts of genomic and replicative-intermediate RNAs in infected liver tissues, and to examine the

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Characterization of RNA synthesis during a one-step growth curve and of the replication mechanism of bovine viral diarrhoea virus

Cited by 74 publications

References 32 publications

Quantitation of replication of the HCV genome in human livers with end‐stage cirrhosis by strand‐specific real‐time RT‐PCR assays: Methods and clinical relevance

Quantitation of replication of the HCV genome in human livers with end‐stage cirrhosis by strand‐specific real‐time RT‐PCR assays: Methods and clinical relevance

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from field cattle immune to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are permissive in vitro to BVDV

Dynamics of Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Human Liver

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