Characterization of Russian hydrothermally-grown synthetic emeralds

Schmetzer, Karl

doi:10.15506/jog.1988.21.3.145

Cited by 25 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…They exhibit characteristic growth hillocks that are related to the internal chevron-like growth zoning. Similar faces and surface features have been observed on hydrothermal synthetic emerald crystals (Schmetzer, 1988;Sosso and Piacenza, 1995;Schmetzer et al, 1997).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…However, the influence of alkali element concentrations on lowering R.I. values is probably offset somewhat by the presence of transition metals (e.g., Mn, Fe, Ti) in red beryl. Schmetzer (1988) discussed the opposing effects of alkali elements and transition metals on the optical properties of synthetic emeralds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prominent internal growth zoning (figure 6) was oriented at an oblique angle to the seed plate. According to Schmetzer (1988), this kind of zoning in hydrothermal synthetic beryls arises from the growth of a number of subparallel "crystallites" at an oblique angle to the seed plate. Their intersection produces chevron-like microstructures, which are best seen when the sample is viewed perpendicular to the plane of the seed plate.…”

Section: Oxide (Wt%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Sinkankas, 1981;Deer et al, 1997). Schmetzer (1988) discussed how increasing concentrations of alkali elements and transition metals in beryls are accompanied by increasing S.G. values. As mentioned above, the synthetic red beryl examined here is deficient in alkali elements, but it contains greater amounts of the transition metals relative to most natural beryls.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal Synthetic Red Beryl from the Institute of Crystallography, Moscow

Shigley¹,

McClure²,

Cole³

et al. 2001

Gems & Gemology

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oxide (Wt%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal Synthetic Red Beryl from the Institute of Crystallography, Moscow

Shigley¹,

McClure²,

Cole³

et al. 2001

Gems & Gemology

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“…Recently, using a micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE) technique for bulk analysis of an inclusion-free region in some Colombian, Zambian and Brazilian emeralds, chlorine was found as a structural component but in lower amounts than in Biron hydrothermal synthetic emeralds (Yu et al, 2000). Measurable amounts of nickel and copper were found in Lechleitner fully synthetic and Russian hydrothermal synthetic emeralds (Hänni, 1982;Schmetzer, 1988;1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pearls from the lion's paw scallop

Scarratt¹,

Hänni²

2004

Journ of Gemm

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In memory of Alexander E. Farn, former Director of the London Chamber of Commerce DPPS Laboratory, Vice President of the Gemmological Association and Gem Testing Laboratory of Great Britain, author and gentleman.Abstract: Pearls from the Lion's Paw scallops Nodipecten (Lyropecten) nodosus L. 1758 and Nodipecten (Lyropecten) subnodosus Sowerby 1835 are rare and have only recently come to the notice of the gemmological community.They are non-nacreous but differ in surface appearance and composition to other non-nacreous pearls such as the Conch and Melo varieties. The surface appearance is comprised of a patchwork of cells with each cell being formed from three sub-cells. The orientation of these sub-cells and the low magnification fibrous appearance of structures within them give the scallop pearl a peculiar surface sheen. SG and Raman data indicate that the perfectly round 5.91 ct scallop pearl described is composed in the main of calcite rather that being dominated by aragonite as is the case for the Melo and Conch pearls. In addition the chemistry, infrared, and UV/visible spectra for the 5.91 ct scallop pearl are described. These data are compared with similar data from lion's paw shells and detailed submicroscopic structures are described for the shells.

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Hydrothermal Growth of Polyscale Crystals

Byrappa¹

2010

Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth

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Characterization of Russian hydrothermally-grown synthetic emeralds

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Hydrothermal Synthetic Red Beryl from the Institute of Crystallography, Moscow

Hydrothermal Synthetic Red Beryl from the Institute of Crystallography, Moscow

Pearls from the lion's paw scallop

Hydrothermal Growth of Polyscale Crystals

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