Characterization of scale deposits formed in sanitary hot water pipelines in the northern tourist zone of Agadir city

Abstract

<jats:p>The formation of scale on surfaces in contact with water is due to many reasons as the hardness of water and its temperature. Therefore, this phenomenon of scale in water pipelines is a common and inevitable problem in the regions that exploit or use groundwater with high rigidity. The circuits fed by hot water are easily reached by hard water scaling. The deposition of encrusting curst at the level of walls in touch with water is due to many technical, economic and environmental problems. It causes a reduction in water flow and a decrease in the efficiency of heating systems.In this study, we are particularly interested in studying the phenomenon of hard water scaling caused by sanitary hot water in a tourist unit situated in the north of the seaside in the city of Agadir. First, we have evaluated the physico-chemical quality of water in use in this tourist unit. Secondly, we conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the scale found in the circuits that transport sanitary hot water. Several analytical techniques were used to reach this goal namely: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) which shows that 85.50% of scale is represented by Calcium Carbonate. Whereas infrared spectrometry (IR) demonstrates the existence of the Carbonate anion CO32-. In addition, due to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) we found that the endothermic event shows the decomposition of Calcium Carbonate of CaO and CO2 in the temperature range of 660 C° to 820 C°. For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it indicates that the scale takes the form of needle-like aragonite crystals. At last, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the scale is composed essentially of Calcium Carbonate of the type aragonite.The results of the different techniques of characterisation are in concordance in the scaling of the circuits of sanitary hot water in the tourist unit under study.</jats:p>

Inhibition of scaling water of Tiznit region by "LEVALL®10".

“…This thermal behavior is studied for temperatures between 25 and 800 °C. The TGA and DTA curves of the tartarcollected from Talaint water system is shown in The DTA curve (B) for these sample reveal endothermic peak at temperature 748 °C, which corresponds to the decomposition of calcium carbonate, as shown in the TGA curve (A) of these tartar, showing a mass loss at this temperature 9,10 .…”

Assessing the Corrosion and Scaling Potential of Drinking Water in Morocco Using Water Stability Indices

“…This degradation can lead to the gradual release of metals like iron, lead, copper, and manganese into water. Conversely, scaling occurs as a result of the precipitation of the minerals dissolved in water, forming a hard mineralized deposit on the inner surfaces (Belattar et al 2018;Li et al 2022). Scale formation obstructs and decreases the water flow rate, leading to eventual congestion, reduced thermal flow in domestic appliances, and interferes with the overall performance of distribution systems (Richards et al 2018).…”

Assessment of the hydrogeochemistry of shallow water aquifers using corrosion indices and geospatial techniques in the regions of the Brahmaputra river basin, India

“…19 On the other hand, scaling is a calcareous deposition formed due to the presence of ions such as calcium and magnesium in the water. 20 Corrosion/scaling is one of the major problems associated with drinking water and water distribution systems. It affects public health and the costs of supplying clean drinking water.…”