Characterization of serum and mucosal antibody responses in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson) following immunization with WSIV and a protein hapten antigen

Drennan, John D.; LaPatra, Scott E.; Swan, Christine M.; Ireland, Susan C.; Cain, Kenneth D.

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2007.01.016

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Nonetheless, the mucus of white sturgeon infected by WSIV accumulates anti‐WSIV antibodies; the influence of these antibodies on the infectious load released in the environment is unknown (Drennan et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Molecular identification of iridoviruses infecting various sturgeon species in Europe

Bigarré

Lesne

Lautraite

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Iridoviridae are known to cause disease in sturgeons in North America. Here, histological and molecular methods were used to screen for this family of virus in sturgeons from various European farms with low-to-high morbidity. Some histological samples revealed basophilic cells in the gill and labial epithelia, strongly suggesting the accumulation of iridovirus particles. Newly developed generic PCR tests targeting the major capsid protein (MCP) gene of sturgeon iridoviruses identified in North America, namely the white sturgeon iridovirus and the Namao virus (NV), produced positive signals in most samples from four sturgeon species: Russian (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), Siberian (A. baerii), Adriatic (A. naccarii) and beluga (Huso huso). The sequences of the PCR products were generally highly similar one another, with nucleotide identities greater than 98%. They were also related to (74-88%), although distinct from, American sturgeon iridoviruses. These European viruses were thus considered variants of a single new virus, provisionally named Acipenser iridovirus-European (AcIV-E). Moreover, three samples infected with AcIV-E showed genetic heterogeneity, with the co-existence of two sequences differing by five nucleotides. One of our European samples carried a virus distinct from AcIV-E, but closely related to NV identified in Canada (95%). This study demonstrates the presence of two distinct sturgeon iridoviruses in Europe: a new genotype AcIV-E and an NV-related virus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Molecular identification of iridoviruses infecting various sturgeon species in Europe

Bigarré

Lesne

Lautraite

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…Another group received an i.p. WSIV-FCA injection but no specific IgM was detected in the skin mucus of any fish (Drennan et al, 2007). Some but not all fish responded to the immunisations by producing serum anti-WSIV IgM.…”

Section: Mucosal Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is clear that systemic immunisation results in specific IgM responses at mucosal sites but the kinetics, intensity and duration of the response may significantly differ depending on the antigen (Davidson et al, 1997; Drennan et al, 2007; Lin et al, 2000). …”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal immunoglobulins and B cells of teleost fish

Salinas

Zhang

Sunyer

2011

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

519

350

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As physical barriers that separate teleost fish from the external environment, mucosae are also active immunological sites that protect them against exposure to microbes and stressors. In mammals, the sites where antigens are sampled from mucosal surfaces and where stimulation of naive T and B lymphocytes occurs are known as inductive sites and are constituted by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). According to anatomical location, the MALT in teleost fish is subdivided into gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT), and gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT). All MALT contain a variety of leukocytes, including, but not limited to, T cells, B cells, plasma cells, macrophages and granulocytes. Secretory immunoglobulins are produced mainly by plasmablasts and plasma cells, and play key roles in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. Until recently, teleost fish B cells were thought to express only two classes of immunoglobulins, IgM and IgD, in which IgM was thought to be the only one responding to pathogens both in systemic and mucosal compartments. However, a third teleost immunoglobulin class, IgT/IgZ, was discovered in 2005, and it has recently been shown to behave as the prevalent immunoglobulin in gut mucosal immune responses. The purpose of this review is to summarise the current knowledge of mucosal immunoglobulins and B cells of fish MALT. Moreover, we attempt to integrate the existing knowledge on both basic and applied research findings on fish mucosal immune responses, with the goal to provide new directions that may facilitate the development of novel vaccination strategies that stimulate not only systemic, but also mucosal immunity.

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“…The fins from VHS survivors were observed to demonstrate a thicker mucous layer than that of naïve fish. It is possible that the additional mucus provided a more effective physical barrier, preventing the adsorption of VHSV to the fin explants, thereby resulting in a higher proportion of VREFT values scored as BDL among VHS survivors; however, the lower VREFT values among VHS survivors may have been mediated by specific antibodies that occur in the cutaneous mucus of fish following exposure to antigens (St Louis‐Courmierr, Osterland & Anderson 1984; Rombout, Block, Lamers & Egberts 1986; Lobb 1987; Jenkins, Wrathmell, Harris & Pulsford 1994; Dos Santos, Taverne‐Thiele, Barnes, Ellis & Rombout 2001; Drennan, LaPatra, Swan, Ireland & Cain 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral replication in excised fin tissues (VREFT) corresponds with prior exposure of Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii (Valenciennes), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV)

Grady

Gregg

Wade

et al. 2010

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Procedures for a viral replication in excised fin tissue (VREFT) assay were adapted to Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, and optimized both to reduce processing time and to provide the greatest resolution between naïve herring and those previously exposed to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), Genogroup IVa. The optimized procedures included removal of the left pectoral fin from a euthanized fish, inoculation of the fin with >10(5) plaque-forming units (PFU) mL(-1) VHSV for 1 h, rinsing the fin in fresh medium six times to remove unadsorbed virions, incubation of the fin in fresh medium for 4 days and enumeration of the viral titre in a sample of the incubation medium by plaque assay. The optimized VREFT assay was effective at identifying the prior exposure history of laboratory-reared Pacific herring to VHSV. The geometric mean VREFT value was significantly greater (P < 0.01) among naïve herring (1.2 × 10(3) PFU mL(-1) ) than among groups that survived exposure to VHSV (1.0-2.9 × 10(2) PFU mL(-1) ); additionally, the proportion of cultures with no detectable virus was significantly greater (P = 0.0002) among fish that survived exposure to VHSV (39-47%) than among naïve fish (3.3%). The optimized VREFT assay demonstrates promise for identifying VHSV exposure history and forecasting disease potential in populations of wild Pacific herring.

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Characterization of serum and mucosal antibody responses in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson) following immunization with WSIV and a protein hapten antigen

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Molecular identification of iridoviruses infecting various sturgeon species in Europe

Molecular identification of iridoviruses infecting various sturgeon species in Europe

Mucosal immunoglobulins and B cells of teleost fish

Viral replication in excised fin tissues (VREFT) corresponds with prior exposure of Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii (Valenciennes), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV)

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