Characterization of Several Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC)-Based Agricultural Wastes via X-Ray Diffraction Method

Abstract

In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was extracted from various types of local agricultural wastes. Four types of agricultural waste such as coconut coir, banana stem, sugarcane bagasse and pineapple leaves were collected, extracted and hydrolyzed into microcrystalline cellulose, using pre-treatment (alkaline and bleaching) and acid hydrolysis, respectively. The extracted MCC were analyzed and compared with those of commercially available MCC. The study of crystallinity behaviors of the obtained MCC was performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The XRD of MCC revealed that the crystallinity of pineapple leaves has the highest crystallinity index with 75% in value and closest compared to commercial MCC, 81.25%. The value of crystallinity index for banana stem is 74.55% followed by coconut coir, 72.73% and sugarcane bagasse, 66.50%. All of the MCC samples showed the similar pattern with the typical crystalline structure of cellulose I. The crystallite size of all MCC samples was calculated and found in the range of 4.04 – 5.14 nm. These extracted MCC that obtained from several agricultural wastes was supposed to have a high potential as value-added products in industrial applications.

The Utilization of Agricultural Waste as Agro-Cement in Concrete: A Review

“…Generally, the mineralogical characterization of agro-wastes are analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). XRD is also adopted to determine the crystallinity behaviors of the microcrystalline crystals from agro-wastes [53]. The majority of crystalline components in agro-wastes ash were identified as quartz using XRD.…”

Development of a novel MIL‐68‐NH2@MCC composite for enhanced and synergistic removal of methylene blue and Sm(III) from an aqueous environment

“…MCC revealed the five principal cellulose spectral bands at 3306 cm À1 for O-H stretching vibration, 2,905 cm À1 for aliphatic C-H asymmetric stretching, 1,326 cm À1 for H-C-H scissoring mode of vibration, as well as 1,028 cm À1 for C-C vibration. [42][43][44] In the case of MIL-68-NH 2 @MCC composites, the characteristic absorption bands of MIL-68-NH 2 visibly appeared beside that of MCC.…”

Study and Characterization of Biofoam from Bagasse (<i>Saccharum officinarum</i> L.) with Chitosan Addition

“…X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis is used to determine the lattice parameters, the approximate size of crystals and the ratio of crystalline areas to amorphous areas (degree of crystallinity) (Sainorudin et al, 2018) in the sample can be seen in Figure 4, which shows that the sugarcane bagasse cellulose sample has crystalline areas and amorphous areas from the results of XRD analysis of sugarcane bagasse cellulose has three diffraction peaks, namely at 2θ = 22.31°, 16.48° and 34.90° the peak is characteristic of cellulose and has a monoclinic structure (Klemm et…”