Characterization of sex, age, and breed for a population of canine leishmaniosis diseased dogs

Miranda, Sónia; Roura, Xavier; Picado, Albert; Ferrer, L.; Ramis, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.09.003

Cited by 68 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…With respect to the dogs' characteristics (i.e., gender, age, and breed size), CS n-PCR positivity was found to have been influenced by age; the increasing age-specific risk of infection until 8 years coincides with previous observations of a bimodal seroprevalence distribution, with a small peak appearing in young dogs (1 to 2 years) and a more pronounced peak among the older dogs (5 to 6 years) (1,5,27). Regarding behavioral/environmental factors, different from other studies, in which an outdoor sleeping habit was reported to increase the risk of CanL, in our study, this factor showed no association (2,13,52).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Diagnostic Value of Conjunctival Swab Sampling Associated with Nested PCR for Different Categories of Dogs Naturally Exposed to Leishmania infantum Infection

et al. 2012

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a noninvasive assay, conjunctival swab (CS) nested-PCR (n-PCR), for diagnosing canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in different stages of infection in comparison to the performance of the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), lymph node microscopy, and buffy coat n-PCR. To this end, we performed a cross-sectional survey among 253 nonselected dogs in areas of endemicity in central Italy. We also performed a longitudinal study of CS n-PCR among 20 sick dogs undergoing antileishmanial treatment. In the first study, among the 72 animals that were positive by at least one test (28.45%), CS n-PCR showed the best relative performance (76.38%), with a high concordance in comparison to standard IFAT serology ( ‫؍‬ 0.75). The highest positivity rates using CS n-PCR were found in asymptomatic infected dogs (84.2%) and sick dogs (77.8%); however, the sensitivity of the assay was not associated with the presence of clinical signs. In the follow-up study on treated sick dogs, CS n-PCR was the most sensitive assay, with promising prognostic value for relapses. The univariate analysis of risk factors for CanL based on CS n-PCR findings showed a significant correlation with age (P ‫؍‬ 0.012), breed size (P ‫؍‬ 0.026), habitat (P ‫؍‬ 4.9 ؋ 10 ؊4 ), and previous therapy (P ‫؍‬ 0.014). Overall, the results indicated that CS n-PCR was the most sensitive assay of the less invasive diagnostic methods and could represent a good option for the early and simple diagnosis of CanL infection in asymptomatic animals and for monitoring relapses in drug-treated dogs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Diagnostic Value of Conjunctival Swab Sampling Associated with Nested PCR for Different Categories of Dogs Naturally Exposed to Leishmania infantum Infection

et al. 2012

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“…Differently from several sanitary kennels in northern Italy which host dogs from other regions, Bolzano kennels accepts primarily local animals. Apart from two young dogs (<1 year), which could thus not be exposed to previous infection transmission seasons, most were of an age (6 years on average) at which Leishmania infection is usually detected in endemic zones (Trotz-Williams and Gradoni, 2003;Miranda et al, 2007). Many dogs had spent a relatively long time in the kennels (mean 11.3 months), with no recent travel history to other regions or countries.…”

Section: Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment for canine leishmaniasis spreading in the north of Italy

Morosetti¹,

Bongiorno

Beran³

et al. 2009

Geospat Health

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Abstract. The incidence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis has not only been recognized but is, in fact, increasing in territories of northern continental Italy previously regarded as non-endemic. Recent findings of sporadic autochthonous canine infections and the presence of phlebotomine vectors in some provinces of north-eastern Italy have stimulated risk assessment for the spreading of leishmaniasis in the autonomous province of Bolzano-South Tyrol, the northernmost territory of the Italian eastern Alps. In July 2008, 61 phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) were caught and identified as Phlebotomus perniciosus and Sergentomyia minuta. This is the first record in South Tyrol of P. perniciosus, the most competent vector of Leishmania infantum in Mediterranean countries. Leishmania serology on local dogs kept in kennels gave negative results, while only imported canine leishmaniasis cases were reported by local veterinarians through a questionnaire survey. Bio-geographic aspects and epidemiological consequences are analyzed in relation with the risk of leishmaniasis introduction into the area.

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“…This high parasite load in some female dogs may be a totally random finding, due to the place where the animal lives and frequent exposure to the source of infection or the vector. Athanasiou et al (2012) also observed a nonsignificant higher prevalence in female than male dogs, but Ciaramella et al (1997) and Miranda et al (2008) observed that males are more predisposed to the infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Detection of Leishmania (L.) infantum in stray dogs by molecular techniques with sensitive species-specific primers

Silva

Richini-Pereira

Kikuti

et al. 2016

Veterinary Quarterly

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Background: Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a worldwide parasitic zoonosis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum around the world. Canids are the definitive hosts and sand flies the intermediate hosts.Objective: To test the hypothesis that a new species-specific primers (Lch14:Lch15, targeting a multiple alignment for L. infantum kDNA minicircle) is an efficient diagnostic tool for L. infantum. Methods: The presence of L. infantum DNA was assessed in blood samples of 69 stray dogs using the conventional PCR (cPCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Additional 50 lymph nodes and 50 bone marrow samples (positive and negative samples for parasitological tests) from dogs from endemic and nonendemic areas for CVL were also used. Results: L. infantum strains, and all positive lymph node and bone marrow samples for parasitological test gave positive results for cPCR and qPCR, presenting analytical sensitivity of »10 0 parasite mL ¡1 . For the blood samples, 40/69 (58%; CI 95%; 46%-69%) resulted positive for L. infantum in both tests. All positive samples were confirmed by sequencing. Conclusion: This study showed the importance of the specific detection of L. infantum based on species-specific primers by molecular techniques, highlighting the application as a confirmation method in epidemiological studies and to adopt the best control measures.

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Characterization of sex, age, and breed for a population of canine leishmaniosis diseased dogs

Cited by 68 publications

References 17 publications

Diagnostic Value of Conjunctival Swab Sampling Associated with Nested PCR for Different Categories of Dogs Naturally Exposed to Leishmania infantum Infection

Diagnostic Value of Conjunctival Swab Sampling Associated with Nested PCR for Different Categories of Dogs Naturally Exposed to Leishmania infantum Infection

Risk assessment for canine leishmaniasis spreading in the north of Italy

Detection of Leishmania (L.) infantum in stray dogs by molecular techniques with sensitive species-specific primers

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