Characterization of sheep pox virus vaccine for cattle against lumpy skin disease virus

Tuppurainen, Eeva; Pearson, Caroline R.; Bachanek‐Bankowska, Katarzyna; Knowles, Nick J.; Amareen, Shadi; Frost, Lorraine; Henstock, Mark; Lamien, Charles Euloge; Diallo, Adama; Mertens, Peter P. C.

doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.06.009

Cited by 127 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…All the samples were first tested using a general capripoxvirus (CaPV) real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method (Bowden et al, 2008;Stubbs et al, 2012), followed by a CaPV species-specific PCR (Lamien et al, 2011a). The results were further confirmed using sequencing of the LSDV RNA polymer-ase subunit (RPO30) and the G-protein coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) genes (Tuppurainen et al, 2014). In addition, histopathological examination was performed on a number of the tissue samples collected.…”

Section: Sample Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Reactions to Field Vaccination Against Lumpy Skin Disease in Jordan

Abutarbush

Hananeh

Ramadan

et al. 2014

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging disease in the Middle East region and has been recently reported in Jordan. The aim of this study was to investigate the adverse reactions that were reported after vaccine administration. Geographical areas enrolled in the study were free of the disease and away from the outbreak governorate. Sixty-three dairy cattle farms, with a total of 19,539 animals, were included in the study. Of those, 56 farms reported adverse clinical signs after vaccine administration. The duration between vaccine administration and appearance of adverse clinical signs ranged from 1 to 20 days (Mean = 10.3, SD ± 3.9). Clinical signs were similar to those observed with natural cases of lumpy skin disease. These were mainly fever, decreased feed intake, decreased milk production and variable sized cutaneous nodules (a few millimetres to around 2 cm in diameter) that could be seen anywhere on the body (head, neck, trunk, perineum), udder, and/or teats. Nodules were raised and firm initially and then formed dry scabs that could be peeled off the skin. The characteristic deep 'sit fast' appearance was rarely seen and most lesions were superficial. Some cattle had swollen lymph nodes, while a few pregnant animals aborted. The percentage of affected cattle ranged from 0.3 to 25% (Mean = 8, SD ± 5.1). Fever, decreased feed intake, and decreased milk production were seen in 83.9, 85.7, and 94.6% in cattle on the affected farms, respectively. All affected cattle displayed skin nodules over their entire bodies, while 33.9 and 7.1% of the affected farms reported nodular lesions present on the udders and teats, respectively. No mortalities were reported due to vaccine adverse reactions. Duration (course) of clinical signs ranged from 3 to 20 days (Mean = 13.7, SD ± 4.1). Two types of LSD vaccines were used by the farmers in this study. The first one was a sheep pox virus (SPPV) vaccine derived from the RM65 isolate [Jovivac, manufactured by Jordan Bioindustries Centre (JOVAC)] and the other an unlabelled one, which was later identified using PCR as a strain of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). Blood and skin samples collected from cattle vaccinated with the LSDV vaccine were positive for LSDV using both general and species-specific PCR primers, whereas those from cattle vaccinated with the Jovivac vaccine were negative. Adverse reactions observed in cattle after administration of the LSDV vaccine were reported to be more severe than those seen after Jovivac vaccine administration and were comparable with clinical signs observed in natural infections.

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Section: Sample Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Reactions to Field Vaccination Against Lumpy Skin Disease in Jordan

Abutarbush

Hananeh

Ramadan

et al. 2014

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…In the scientific literature, adverse effects of vaccination with the live‐attenuated homologous vaccine (see footnotes 10, 11, 12, 13 at Section 3.2), such as local reactions at the vaccination site, generalised skin reactions in some vaccinated animals and decrease in milk yield have been reported in South Africa (Weiss, ; Hunter and Wallace, ). In addition, it has been reported that European dairy cattle may show adverse reactions after vaccination with the Kenyan sheep and goat pox (KSGP O‐240) vaccine in Africa (Yeruham et al., ; Kitching, ; Ayelet et al., ), which was likely associated with a low attenuation level of the vaccine, while the so‐called KSGP strain was later molecularly identified to be in fact a LSDV (Lamien et al., ,b; Tuppurainen et al., ). More recently, field veterinarians in Jordan reported a range of clinical signs seen after the administration of different capripoxvirus‐containing vaccines to prevent LSD infection in cattle (Abutarbush et al., ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumpy skin disease

Calistri¹,

DeClercq²,

Gubbins³

et al. 2019

EFS2

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In 2018, no lumpy skin disease (LSD) outbreaks were reported in the Balkan region, after the decline reported in 2017 (385) compared to 2016 (7,483). This confirms the effectiveness of the vaccination campaign based on the LSD homologous vaccine strain which continued throughout 2018 with over 2.5 million animals vaccinated, keeping the mean vaccination coverage above 70%. In 2018, LSD outbreaks were reported in Russia, Turkey and Georgia. In Russia, the LSD epidemics expanded northward and eastward, while in Turkey, the most affected region was in the east. LSD is spreading in Turkey since 2013, despite large vaccination campaigns with heterologous vaccine performed since 2014. This might support the hypothesis that the use of heterologous vaccines results in insufficient protection, and therefore, the use of homologous LSD vaccine in Turkey should be considered to prevent further spread. As the LSD epidemic in Turkey is a risk for reintroduction into the EU, it is recommended to continue the vaccination campaigns in 2019 in the high‐risk areas of Balkan region. Spread rates of LSD within a village were estimated from outbreak data for Albania, which can be used to inform the level of vaccination required to control an outbreak in a village. In terms of vaccine safety, the reports from the field suggest that, compared to the large number of animals vaccinated in the Balkan region since 2015, a very limited number of side effects have been recorded so far, although from published literature, local or even systemic side effects in some animals may occur after vaccination. However, due to inadequate study design in the reviewed studies, there is no consensus on the magnitude of such effects and on their real consequences on production.

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“…RPO30 gene-based PCR depends on the presence of RPO30 gene encoding the 30 kDa RNA polymerase subunit in CaPVs [22-24]. Lamien et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection, identification, and differentiation of sheep pox virus and goat pox virus from clinical cases in Giza Governorate, Egypt

Mahmoud

Khafagi

2016

Vet World

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Aim:To isolate, identify, and differentiate Capripoxviruses (CaPV) (sheep pox virus and goat pox virus) infections by egg inoculation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and 30 kDa RNA polymerase subunit gene-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (RPO30) in clinically affected animals in Hawamdia township of Giza Governorate, Egypt.Materials and Methods:A total of 37 scab samples were collected from clinically suspected field cases of sheep pox and goat pox. These samples were collected during (2014-2015) during different outbreaks of sheep pox and goat pox from Hawamdia township of Giza Governorate, Egypt. The samples were subjected to egg inoculation, TEM, and (RPO30) gene-based PCR. By using the egg inoculation: Previously prepared 37 scab samples (n=23 sheep and n=14 goats) were inoculated on the chorioallantoic membrane of specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (12 days old age). In the presence of the suitable percentage of humidity and candling, the inoculated eggs were incubated at 37°C. By using the TEM: Samples showed positive pock lesions on the chorioallantoic membranes, were fixed in glutaraldehyde, then processed and sectioned for TEM. Using the (RPO30) gene-based PCR assay, 30 of positive samples after egg inoculation (n=19 sheep and n=11 goats) were screened.Results:Using the egg inoculation, a characteristic pock lesions for poxviruses were seen in 30/37 (n=19 sheep and n=11 goats) (81.08%). Using the TEM, examination of the positive samples after egg inoculation revealed positive result in 23/30 (n=15 sheep and n=8 goats) (76.66%). The positive results represented by the presence of negatively stained oval-shape virus particles. Using the (RPO30) gene-based PCR assay, out of 30 total of positive samples after egg inoculation (n=19 sheep and n=11 goats) were screened, 27 (90%) samples (n=17 sheep and n=10 goats) were positive. The given band sizes of sheep and goats were 172 and 152 bp, respectively.Conclusion:PCR assay depended on RPO30 gene can be used lonely for the detection, identification, and differentiation of CaPVs. RPO30 gene-based PCR assay in combination with gene sequencing helps in molecular epidemiological studies of CaPV infection.

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Characterization of sheep pox virus vaccine for cattle against lumpy skin disease virus

Cited by 127 publications

References 35 publications

Adverse Reactions to Field Vaccination Against Lumpy Skin Disease in Jordan

Adverse Reactions to Field Vaccination Against Lumpy Skin Disease in Jordan

Lumpy skin disease

Detection, identification, and differentiation of sheep pox virus and goat pox virus from clinical cases in Giza Governorate, Egypt

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