Characterization of smoke and aerosol deliveries from combustible cigarettes, heated tobacco products and electronic nicotine delivery systems in the Vitrocell® Mammalian 6/48 exposure module

Keyser, Brian M.; Leverette, Robert; Hollings, M.; Seymour, Adam; Weidman, Randy A.; Bequette, Carlton J.; Jordan, Kristen

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.11.001

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…While there are no currently established regulatory guidelines for the WA exposure studies, it is widely recognized that the WA exposure systems are preferred for in vitro regulatory purposes due to the ability to expose WS, which mimics human exposure [10,12,19]. However, optimization and standardization of WA aerosol exposure systems continues to evolve for in vitro toxicology testing of tobacco products, as is evident from this and other research [21,22,29,31,34,46,62]. Given the complex nature of cigarette whole smoke, one of the important advantages of the WA exposure systems over the more traditional test samples of fractionated particulate and gas vapor phases of smoke/vapor aerosols is the exposure to freshly generated constituents mimicking what consumers experience on acute exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a recent interlaboratory survey has identified variables with the in vitro exposure systems and also identified pockets of harmony among the testing laboratories [ 69 ]. Further, previous work from this group has led to standardization of methods for WA exposure and ALI cultures [ 21 , 31 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whole aerosol from Vuse Alto test products and the comparator products was generated using a Vitrocell ® VC10 ® smoking robot (Vitrocell ® Systems GmbH, Waldkirch, Germany), which was connected to either a Vitrocell Mammalian 48 exposure module (H292 cells) (Vitrocell ® Systems GmbH, Waldkirch, Germany) or Vitrocell 12/4 modules (EpiAirway™) (Vitrocell ® Systems GmbH, Waldkirch, Germany) at ALI, as described previously [ 21 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. A visible representation of the exposure set up has been detailed further previously for both H292 cells and EpiAirway™ [ 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the completion of exposures, nicotine content was determined from the whole smoke/aerosol-conditioned medium in each well of a dosimetry module, as described previously [ 31 ] at Broughton Nicotine Services (Barnoldswick, UK), using an internally validated method. Samples were processed on a Thermo Endura LC-MS/MS with a Dionex Ultimate 3000 low pressure quaternary analytical HPLC system (Waltham, MA, USA) fitted with a Waters XBridge BEH Shiled RD18 (2.5 µm) 3.0 × 500 mm analytical column (Milford, MA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress of Whole Aerosol from Vuse Alto ENDS Products

Keyser,

Leverette,

Wertman

et al. 2024

Toxics

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Assessment of in vitro cytotoxicity is an important component of tobacco product toxicological evaluations. However, current methods of regulatory testing involve exposing monolayer cell cultures to various preparations of aerosols from cigarettes or other emerging products such as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), which are not representative of human exposure. In the present study, a whole aerosol (WA) system was used to expose lung epithelial cultures (2D and 3D) to determine the potential of six Vuse Alto ENDS products that varied in nicotine content (1.8%, 2.4%, and 5%) and flavors (Golden Tobacco, Rich Tobacco, Menthol, and Mixed Berry), along with a marketed ENDS and a marked cigarette comparator to induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. The WA from the Vuse Alto ENDS products was not cytotoxic in the NRU and MTT assays, nor did it activate the Nrf2 reporter gene, a marker of oxidative stress. In summary, Vuse Alto ENDS products did not induce cytotoxic or oxidative stress responses in the in vitro models. The WA exposures used in the 3D in vitro models described herein may be better suited than 2D models for the determination of cytotoxicity and other in vitro functional endpoints and represent alternative models for regulatory evaluation of tobacco products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress of Whole Aerosol from Vuse Alto ENDS Products

Keyser,

Leverette,

Wertman

et al. 2024

Toxics

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…The precursor of research in which living cells are exposed to pollutants inhaled by humans is the German company Vitrocell, which has been focusing on the development and production of in vitro systems for over 20 years. Their research is currently focused on evaluating the cytotoxicity of combustible tobacco products . The company is also experienced in the assessment of toxicity of gases emitted from CI engines .…”

Section: Exhaust Emission Test Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Actual Toxicity of Engine Exhaust Gases Emitted from Vehicles: The Development and Perspectives of Biological and Chemical Measurement Methods

Kęska

2023

ACS Omega

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Most of the current studies on vehicle engine exhaust emissions are focused on qualitative and quantitative measurements. Approval tests for admitting vehicles to traffic and tests performed at vehicle inspection stations are limited to measuring the concentrations of individual compounds or selected groups of compounds. For vehicles with compression-ignition engines, the annual emission control comprises only an exhaust gas opacity test, performed with an opacimeter. This approach does not consider very harmful groups of compounds that determine the toxicity of exhaust gases but are not directly covered by the emission standards, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds. Also, it does not provide a clear answer to the question of the actual toxicity of exhaust gases, understood as the harmful effect that a given substance causes on living organisms or biological processes. Studies on the actual toxicity of engine exhaust gases present a new area of interest, increasingly more discussed but still not approached in a comprehensive way. The studies include experiments using in vitro biological methods and chemical analyses of gas mixtures. In this Review, I present an overview of current research and a critical comparison of commonly used methods of testing engine exhaust emissions and methods that might supplement them in a significant manner. The development of in vitro biological methods, including methods of microscopic analysis of cells in the assessment of exhaust gas toxicity, provides an innovative approach to the problem of air pollution. This type of research presents the opportunity to indisputably answer the question of the actual toxicity of a given gas mixture and to make a new contribution to science in the field of molecular biology. Current data show that the survival of cells exposed to engine exhaust emissions from older generation vehicles is higher compared to that of newer generation vehicles.

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In vitro toxicological evaluation of glo menthol and non-menthol heated tobacco products

Keyser,

Leverette,

McRae

et al. 2024

Toxicology

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Characterization of smoke and aerosol deliveries from combustible cigarettes, heated tobacco products and electronic nicotine delivery systems in the Vitrocell® Mammalian 6/48 exposure module

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress of Whole Aerosol from Vuse Alto ENDS Products

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress of Whole Aerosol from Vuse Alto ENDS Products

The Actual Toxicity of Engine Exhaust Gases Emitted from Vehicles: The Development and Perspectives of Biological and Chemical Measurement Methods

In vitro toxicological evaluation of glo menthol and non-menthol heated tobacco products

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