Characterization of Soil Bacterial Communities in Rhizospheric and Nonrhizospheric Soil of Panax ginseng

Abstract

A culture-independent approach was used to evaluate the bacterial community in rhizospheric and nonrhizospheric soil in which Panax ginseng had grown for 3 years. For each sample, soil was randomly collected from multiple sampling points and mixed thoroughly before genomic DNA extraction. Universal primers 27f and 1492r were used to amplify 16S rRNA genes. Clone libraries were constructed using the amplified 16S rRNA genes, and 192 white clones were chosen for further sequencing. After digestion with restriction endonuclease, 44 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were generated for rhizospheric and 21 OTUs for nonrhizospheric soils, and the clones of each OTU were sequenced. Blast analysis showed that bacillus, acidobacteria, and proteobacteria were the dominant populations in rhizospheric soil, and proteobacteria were dominant in nonrhizospheric soil. Phylogenetic results showed that bacillus and acidobacteria were clustered into the group of uncultured bacteria in rhizospheric soil; however, proteobacteria were the unique dominant in nonrhizospheric soil.

Water-Limiting Conditions Alter the Structure and Biofilm-Forming Ability of Bacterial Multispecies Communities in the Alfalfa Rhizosphere

“…In regard to the rhizospheric microenvironment and in agreement with previous studies, we observed in the alfalfa rhizosphere the presence of bacterial groups (α- and γ-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria) that are able to respond to root rhizodeposition, including rhizobia [69], Pseudomonas [38], and various Actinobacteria [112]. Our results are in contrast to those from studies of rhizospheric soils of nonlegume plants, in which β-Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and bacilli were the dominant groups [113]. These associations presumably depend on several factors, including plant type, that determine the composition of the microbial community that becomes established on the plant roots.…”

Microbial Community Changes in the Rhizosphere Soil of Healthy and Rusty Panax ginseng and Discovery of Pivotal Fungal Genera Associated with Rusty Roots

“…Additionally, relatively few studies have evaluated the relationship between rusty root and changes in the microbial community of the rhizosphere of P. ginseng. Most investigations on rusty root have only considered one microbial species, while not all predominant microbial groups can be detected due to the limitations of traditional molecular methods, such as polymorphic DNA amplification [31] and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [32], and the results obtained using these methods have been inconsistent. erefore, whether rusty root is caused by multiple pathogenic microorganisms, rather than just one, remains unknown.…”

An Overview of Different Techniques on the Microbial Community Structure, and Functional Diversity of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria

“…These authors reported that a proportion of 9.7% of the cloned sequences discovered in this study were Sphingomonas sequences, which are unknown until now, which suggest that new Sphingomonas sequences are present in soils from Shenfu irrigation zone. Ying et al (2012) reported a culture-independent approach to evaluate the Panax ginseng rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil bacterial community for a period of 3 years. Universal primers 27f and 1492r were used to amplify 16S rRNA genes and clone libraries were created using the amplified 16S rRNA genes, and 192 clones were chosen for further sequencing.…”