“…It involves reducing Pb metallic element through different chemical additives such as zeolite, activated carbon, steel slag, clay, red mud, carbide slag, sand, lime, and cement [ 182 , 183 ]. However, it was also reported that cement and lime were effective in immobilization of Pb in artificially Pb-contaminated soil samples, while clay, activated carbon, sand, and zeolite were not effective in those soil samples [ 184 ]. Ge, Jiang [ 185 ] conducted an experiment to observe the stabilization/solidification of high Pb-contaminated soils using insoluble porous, neutral, and green material (humin) extracted from natural peat soils and found that humin reduced the bioavailability and mobility of Pb metallic ions due to its high adsorbent capacity, [ 185 ].…”