Characterization of solid and liquid products from bamboo torrefaction

Chen, Wei‐Hsin; Liu, Shih Hsien; Juang, Tarng Tzuen; Tsai, Chi Ming; Zhuang, Yi Qing

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.022

Cited by 106 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The moisture can be easily condensed in a glass container surrounded by 273 K (0 • C) of water and contributed to the water content in the liquid product. In comparison, 51% of the moisture content in the liquid product from bamboo torrefaction at 573 K for 60 min can be found in Chen's study [10], which also indicates that water is the major component in the liquid product after torrefaction.…”

Section: Toc and Watermentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The formation of SO 2 is due to the sulfur-treated preprocess of the bamboo chopsticks described in the introduction. As a result, the pH value of the liquid product in this study is much lower than that of 2.27 to 2.60 from bamboo torrefaction [10].…”

Section: Ph Valuementioning

confidence: 94%

“…When analyzing the emitted gas of the whole process through GC-FID, the basic composition of the hydrocarbons in the gas could be determined. By different volumes (10,15,20,25, 30 µL) of a standard sample of alkanes which contains CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , C 4 H 10 , C 5 H 12 , and C 6 H 14 with a concentration of 1000 ppmv, the calibration line of each alkane was established for the relationship between the area of the signal and the amount of standard sample injected. The peaks of the signal from the standard sample stand for the hydrocarbons which appear at different times, and the sequence of their appearance is decided by the carbon number.…”

Section: Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For lauan, Chen et al [9] found that monoaromatics are the major component accompanied with a small quantity of heterocyclic hydrocarbons. Concerning bamboo, Chen et al [10] detected the presence of acid, alcohols, ketones, phenols, aldehydes, esters, and water. The pH value of the liquid was as low as 2.27-2.60.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, analyzing the collected liquid product from torrefaction is a necessary step to figure out the composition for evaluating its usefulness and for maintaining a carbon balance. Detailed liquid product analyses from the torrefaction of biomass including lauan, bamboo, willow, straw, and larch, have been conducted in several studies [9][10][11]. For lauan, Chen et al [9] found that monoaromatics are the major component accompanied with a small quantity of heterocyclic hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The By-products and Emissions from Manufacturing Torrefied Solid Fuel Using Waste Bamboo Chopsticks

Chen

Chang

et al. 2017

Environments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Although the main purpose of the torrefaction of biomass is to produce high quality solid bio-fuel, the by-products, including liquid and gas products, are worth investigating to know their effects on the environment and the reusable possibility. Consequently, after torrefying waste bamboo chopsticks (WBCs) for producing solid bio-fuel, the liquid and gas products were examined in this study. The torrefaction target was set to produce torrefied waste bamboo chopsticks (WBC T ) retaining about 70 wt %. A proper torrefaction temperature (T r ) and torrefaction time (t r ) were found at 563 K and 40 min, respectively, for carrying out the torrefaction in a tubular furnace with carrier nitrogen. These conditions gave a solid yield (Y S ) of 69 wt % of WBC T relative to the original WBC, and 31 wt % of by-products were produced. The liquid products were composed of water as high as 62 wt %, along with some organic acids. Some medicine components were also found in the liquid products, representing potential medicine applications. During torrefaction, CO, NO x , SO 2 , and CO 2 emissions were largely discharged from 10 to 20 min of torrefaction time. O 2 , CO 2 , and H 2 O are the major compounds in the total gas products collected. Some combustible gases of C1 to C6 hydrocarbons were also produced. Moreover, the gas volume balances were computed and evaluated. The information obtained in this study is useful for the proper design, operation, pollution control, and utilization of the products.

show abstract

Section: Toc and Watermentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Ph Valuementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The By-products and Emissions from Manufacturing Torrefied Solid Fuel Using Waste Bamboo Chopsticks

Chen

Chang

et al. 2017

Environments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Solid Biomass Pretreatment Processes

Christoforou

Fokaides

2018

Advances in Solid Biofuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dioxins and furans in biochars, hydrochars and torreficates produced by thermochemical conversion of biomass: a review

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Converting raw biomass into valuable products protects the environment, improves economics, and helps tackle climate change by cutting resource demand and waste production. Thermochemical treatment is a common method for producing biochars, hydrochars and torreficates from biomass and organic wastes, which can also generate dioxins and furans and consequently limit the use of thermochemically converted chars. Here we review the presence of dioxins and furans in chars produced by hydrothermal carbonization, torrefaction, and pyrolysis processes under the influence of temperature, residence time, heating rate, pressure, and feedstock type. Dioxins and furans were mostly below 20 ng total toxic equivalence per kilogram (TEQ kg−1), with the highest level of 113 ng TEQ kg−1 found in over 100 samples of different char types. The most toxic products were hydrochars produced from sewage sludge. Processing temperature and feedstock type were key factors resulting in high dioxin levels in chars, and care should be taken when producing chars at temperatures up to 300 °C or using feedstocks previously contaminated with dioxins or preservatives.

show abstract

Characterization of solid and liquid products from bamboo torrefaction

Cited by 106 publications

References 30 publications

The By-products and Emissions from Manufacturing Torrefied Solid Fuel Using Waste Bamboo Chopsticks

The By-products and Emissions from Manufacturing Torrefied Solid Fuel Using Waste Bamboo Chopsticks

Solid Biomass Pretreatment Processes

Dioxins and furans in biochars, hydrochars and torreficates produced by thermochemical conversion of biomass: a review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About