Characterization of Soybean Germinated Embryo Extract as an Estrogen Receptor Subtype-Selective and Tissue-Specific Modulator

Jeong, Hyesoo; Lee, Jimin; Kim, Soolin; Park, Sujeong; Yang, Hwasun; Ahn, Byoung Ha; Jang, Chang-Young; Jeong, Hyun Cheol; Lee, Sung‐Jin; Kim, Sun Lim; Seo, Woo Duck; Sohn, Jungwoo; Chang, Min-Sun

doi:10.1089/jmf.2018.4250

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In rat uterus, PGR expression has been reported to respond rapidly to E2 and to increase significantly, after which it decreases to control levels and is upregulated 2-fold upon ethinylestradiol treatment in a similar type of assay . Uterine PGR expression was also upregulated by the oral administration of E2 and soy isoflavone concentrate (by 2.8 and 3.7-fold, respectively) in a 4-week study on ovariectomized rats . Therefore, PGR can be classified as a uterine gene that is upregulated by estrogen-like chemicals, depending on the potency of the chemicals and the animal study design.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…46 Uterine PGR expression was also upregulated by the oral administration of E2 and soy isoflavone concentrate (by 2.8 and 3.7fold, respectively) in a 4-week study on ovariectomized rats. 47 Therefore, PGR can be classified as a uterine gene that is upregulated by estrogen-like chemicals, depending on the potency of the chemicals and the animal study design. The slight increase in PGR expression after E2 treatment under the experimental conditions of the present study is consistent with previously reported results.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Transcriptional Activities of Spent Coffee Grounds and Spent Coffee Grounds Compost, and Their Phenolic Acid Constituents

Jeong

Kim

et al. 2019

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are the most abundant coffee byproduct and are generally discarded as waste. The horticultural use of SCG and SCG compost (SCGC) has become popular due to a growing interest in environmentally friendly measures for waste disposal. Estrogen-like endocrine disrupting chemicals in the soil can be absorbed by plants and subsequently by humans who consume these plants. The objectives of this study are to determine the phytochemical profiles of extracts of SCG and SCGC and to evaluate the estrogen-like activities of SCG, SCGC, and the major coffee phenolic acids, specifically, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), caffeic acid, and ferulic acid. Their inductive effects on estrogen receptor (ER)mediated gene transcription have been examined in cultured cell lines. CQA was the most abundant phenolic acid in SCG and SCGC and was further examined for its ER-mediated estrogen-like activity using various assays. This is the first study to report the estrogen-like signaling activities of coffee byproducts and their major constituents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Transcriptional Activities of Spent Coffee Grounds and Spent Coffee Grounds Compost, and Their Phenolic Acid Constituents

Jeong

Kim

et al. 2019

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid as a Novel Substrate and Inhibitor of Catechol O-Methyltransferase Modulates 4-Hydroxyestradiol-Induced Cyto- and Genotoxicity in MCF-7 Cells

et al. 2021

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Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a major lignan metabolite found in Larrea spp., which are widely used in South America to treat various diseases. In breast tissue, estradiol is metabolized to the catechol estrogens such as 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), which have been proposed to be cancer initiators potentially involved in mammary carcinogenesis. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes the O-methylation of catechol estrogens to their less toxic methoxy derivatives, such as 4-O-methylestradiol (4-MeOE2). The present study investigated the novel biological activities of NDGA in relation to COMT and the effects of COMT inhibition by NDGA on 4-OHE2-induced cyto- and genotoxicity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Two methoxylated metabolites of NDGA, 3-O-methylNDGA (3-MNDGA) and 4-O-methyl NDGA (4-MNDGA), were identified in the reaction mixture containing human recombinant COMT, NDGA, and cofactors. Km values for the COMT-catalyzed metabolism of NDGA were 2.6 µM and 2.2 µM for 3-MNDGA and 4-MNDGA, respectively. The COMT-catalyzed methylation of 4-OHE2 was inhibited by NDGA at an IC50 of 22.4 µM in a mixed-type mode of inhibition by double reciprocal plot analysis. Molecular docking studies predicted that NDGA would adopt a stable conformation at the COMT active site, mainly owing to the hydrogen bond network. NDGA is likely both a substrate for and an inhibitor of COMT. Comet and apurinic/apyrimidinic site quantitation assays, cell death, and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells showed that NDGA decreased COMT-mediated formation of 4-MeOE2 and increased 4-OHE2-induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity. Thus, NDGA has the potential to reduce COMT activity in mammary tissues and prevent the inactivation of mutagenic estradiol metabolites, thereby increasing catechol estrogen-induced genotoxicities.

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Styphnolobium japonicum Fruit and Germinated Soybean Embryo Complex Extract for Postmenopausal-Symptom Relief

Ahn,

Kim,

Damodar

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Background/Objectives: Hormonal alterations during menopause result in substantial physiological changes. Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is widely used as a treatment strategy for these changes, its use remains controversial due to its associated risks. Plant isoflavones are phytoestrogens that are considered a potential alternative therapy for postmenopausal syndrome. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of ethanolic extracts from Styphnolobium japonicum fruit (SJF) and germinated soybean embryo (GSE) in alleviating prominent menopausal symptoms. Methods: A cell model (MCF7 human breast cancer cells) was used to investigate estrogen-like activity. A rat ovariectomy model was used to simulate estrogen depletion after menopause and to evaluate the efficacy of the SJF–GSE complex extract at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. Results: Treatment with the SJF–GSE extract elicited estrogen-like effects, raising pS2 and estrogen receptor α expression in MCF7 cells. The extract was found to contain 48–72 mg/g sophoricoside and 8–12 mg/g soyasaponin 1, identified as active compounds. In ovariectomized rats, the extract effectively reduced body weight and fat content, alleviated vasomotor symptoms, improved vaginal mucosal health, and exerted osteoprotective effects by enhancing bone density and structure, reducing bone-resorption markers and positively altering estradiol levels and lipid profiles. Conclusions: The SJF–GSE extract, working synergistically, provides a safe and effective alternative to HRT for managing postmenopausal symptoms and enhancing bone health, without adverse effects. These findings support the inclusion of SJF and GSE in health-functional foods and underscore the importance of further research into plant-based therapies for menopause.

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Characterization of Soybean Germinated Embryo Extract as an Estrogen Receptor Subtype-Selective and Tissue-Specific Modulator

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Transcriptional Activities of Spent Coffee Grounds and Spent Coffee Grounds Compost, and Their Phenolic Acid Constituents

Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Transcriptional Activities of Spent Coffee Grounds and Spent Coffee Grounds Compost, and Their Phenolic Acid Constituents

Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid as a Novel Substrate and Inhibitor of Catechol O-Methyltransferase Modulates 4-Hydroxyestradiol-Induced Cyto- and Genotoxicity in MCF-7 Cells

Styphnolobium japonicum Fruit and Germinated Soybean Embryo Complex Extract for Postmenopausal-Symptom Relief

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