Characterization of stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography including exploration of shape selectivity

Leveraging the power of supercritical fluid chromatography for eco-conscious solutions in pharmaceutical analysis

“…More recently, Gros et al (70) went one step further and proposed a nine-term LSER model. This model not only considers the Abraham descriptors and the ionic interactions between the analytes and the stationary phase, but also incorporates the shape features of the achiral compounds of interest by using two molecular descriptors: the flexibility (F) and globularity (G).…”

Columns in analytical‐scale supercritical fluid chromatography: From traditional to unconventional chemistries

“…Lesellier and West have applied the LSER model on a broad spectrum of stationary phases used in packed column SFC to describe the retention behavior and classify the columns [122][123][124][125][126][127]. The unified classification of stationary phases is displayed as a spider diagram (Figure 3), where the individual stationary phases are plotted and grouped based on the retention behavior and selectivity [26,[128][129][130]. This diagram can be easily used when searching for columns with similar or orthogonal selectivity during method development and for a quick insight into the retention behavior of stationary phase with the same chemistry but from different manufacturers.…”

“…Background ellipses highlight the similarities among the tested columns. Figure reprinted with permission [128].…”

Emerging Separation Techniques in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

“…37,38) A previous study shows a comparison of the retention behavior of several organic compounds between SFC and normal-phase HPLC using various stationary phases to understand their characteristics. 39) In their study, 18 different commercially available stationary phases including: bare silica, diol, triazolyl, hydroxyphenyl, pyridinyl, ethylpryidine, picolylamine, aminoanthracene, diethylamine, phenylethyl, naphthylethyl, pyrenylethyl, pentabromophenyl, pentafluorophenyl, nitrophenylethyl, monomeric C18, polymeric C18, and cholesteryl were evaluated for the separation of 11 organic compounds (cinnamyl alcohol, 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, toluene, 4-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid, 4-aminobenzyl alcohol, benzene, benzyl alcohol, 1,4-benzendimethanol, 4-tert-butylbenzyl alcohol, 1-naphthalenemethanol, and 2-(benzyloxy)ethanol). From the results obtained, polar stationary phases showed similar retention behavior in normal-phase HPLC as well as SFC.…”

“…In another study, a new model of SFC retention based on linear solvation energy relationships that considered the ionic interaction and shape features of analytes was proposed. 40) In their study, 14 achiral columns such as: bare silica, alkylamide, propanediol, cyanopropyl, aminopropyl, with polar-embedded octadecyl, without polar embedded octadecyl, phenyl, pentabromophenyl, pyrenylethyl, cholesteryl, pyridyl, triazole, and phenol were classified based on the proposed models. As a result, through SFC, it was shown that reversed-phase HPLC columns were distinguished from normal-phase HPLC columns.…”