Characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes Isolated from Balanoposthitis Patients Presumably Transmitted by Penile-Oral Sexual Intercourse

Abstract

Streptococcus pyogenes is indigenous to the human pharynx and causes acute pharyngitis. Balanoposthitis is an inflammatory disease of the glans and the foreskin. However, balanoposthitis caused by S. pyogenes is not widely recognized as a sexually transmitted disease. In addition, bacteriological features of the isolates causing balanoposthitis are unclear. The four S. pyogenes strains isolated from adult balanoposthitis were examined. We performed emm typing, T antigen typing, RAPD assay, PCR assay for the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin-related genes and antibiotic-resistant genes, and antibiotic susceptibility assay. All four strains were suspected to be transmitted by penile-oral sexual intercourse, were found to be different by genetic analysis, and also harbored some antibiotic-resistant factors. We propose that S. pyogenes should be considered as a causative agent of sexually transmitted disease. The drug resistant S. pyogenes must be taken into account when balanoposthitis patients are treated with antibiotic.

Group A Streptococcal Peritonitis and Ruptured Tubo-Ovarian Abscess Three Years After Essure® Insertion: A Case Report

“…There is growing evidence that group A Streptococcus can be sexually transmitted. [26][27][28][29][30] These cases suggest that the vaginal mucosa and cervix may be a nidus for S. pyogenes and also serve as a port of entry for the ascending infection.…”

Candida albicans and Streptococcus pyogenes balanitis: diabetes or STI?

“…[2][3][4] However, it is mentioned as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in some references. 5 SP balanitis can easily be confused with NG balanitis. 3 We present this case to remind physicians treating STIs to consider SP as a potential cause of balanitis in their differential diagnosis.…”

“…3 In this case, SP was likely transmitted through oral sex from or to at least one confirmed partner. 5 Oralgenital transmission, occurring particularly in men who have sex with men, is rarely reported. 5 Treatment with amoxicillin is typically curative, except when SP is resistant.…”

“…5 Oralgenital transmission, occurring particularly in men who have sex with men, is rarely reported. 5 Treatment with amoxicillin is typically curative, except when SP is resistant.…”

Characterization of NADase-Inactive NAD<sup>+</sup> Glycohydrolase in <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>

“…Streptococcus pyogenes is a gram-positive bacterium that infects the upper respiratory tract, including the tonsils and pharynx, and is responsible for post-infectious diseases such as rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. In addition, S. pyogenes causes severe invasive disease including necrotizing fasciitis [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The molecular mechanisms that the organism utilizes to cause these diseases are not yet elucidated fully.…”