Characterization of submicron-sized CO2 clusters formed with a supersonic expansion of a mixed-gas using a three-staged nozzle

Jinno, S.; Fukuda, Yuji; Sakaki, H.; Yogo, Akifumi; Kanasaki, Masato; Kondo, Kotaro; Faenov, A. Ya.; Skobelev, I. Yu.; Pikuz, T. A.; Boldarev, A. S.; Gasilov, V. A.

doi:10.1063/1.4802915

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The capability of this model for the gas density has been demonstrated. 19,21,23 In this work, the gas jets of eighteen conical nozzles with the same throat diameter d of 0.5 mm under five gas backing pressures were simulated for the on-axis atom number density. As examples, the results about density at the gas backing pressure of 50 bars are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus one a Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: kimd@postech.ac.kr 2158-3226/2015/5(10)/107220/7 5, 107220-1 © Author(s) 2015 expects the cluster size deviation when the scaling law is used to estimate the cluster size under a high gas backing pressure. Up to now, there have existed many papers about the investigation of the gas jet and its cluster size, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and there have been papers reporting the cluster size deviation from the size expected by the scaling laws 20,21 and some works concerned about the understanding of the deviation. 22 In Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of the on-axis atom number density in the supersonic gas jet under high gas backing pressure by simulation

et al. 2015

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The supersonic gas jets from conical nozzles are simulated using 2D model. The on-axis atom number density in gas jet is investigated in detail by comparing the simulated densities with the idealized densities of straight streamline model in scaling laws. It is found that the density is generally lower than the idealized one and the deviation between them is mainly dependent on the opening angle of conical nozzle, the nozzle length and the gas backing pressure. The density deviation is then used to discuss the deviation of the equivalent diameter of a conical nozzle from the idealized deq in scaling laws. The investigation on the lateral expansion of gas jet indicates the lateral expansion could be responsible for the behavior of the density deviation. These results could be useful for the estimation of cluster size and the understanding of experimental results in laser-cluster interaction experiments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the on-axis atom number density in the supersonic gas jet under high gas backing pressure by simulation

et al. 2015

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“…17 Other researchers measured the value of g using Mie scattering from very large clusters (several hundreds of nanometers diameter). 18,19 However, this Mie scattering technique would not be applicable for the much smaller clusters in our work (up to few tens of nanometers diameter).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Revisiting argon cluster formation in a planar gas jet for high-intensity laser matter interaction

Yin

Hagmeijer

Weide

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Physics

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We determine the size of argon clusters generated with a planar nozzle, based on the optical measurements in conjunction with theoretical modelling. Using a quasi-one dimensional model for the moments of the cluster size distribution, we determine the influence of critical physical assumptions. These refer to the surface tension depending on the presence of thermal equilibrium, the mass density of clusters, and different methods to model the growth rate of the cluster radius. We show that, despite strong variation in the predicted cluster size, 〈N〉, the liquid mass ratio, g, can be determined with high trustworthiness, because g is predicted as being almost independent of the specific model assumptions. Exploiting this observation, we use the calculated value for g to retrieve the cluster size from optical measurements, i.e., calibrated Rayleigh scattering and interferometry. Based on the measurements of the cluster size vs. the nozzle stagnation pressure, we provide a new power law for the prediction of the cluster size in experiments with higher values of the Hagena parameter (Γ*>104). This range is of relevance for experiments on high-intensity laser matter interactions.

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“…The capability of this model for the spatial distribution of gas density has been demonstrated. 16,18,19 The 2D hydrodynamic model reproduces the spatial structure of the gas jet, including the rarefaction waves at the edges of the jet, and it is possible to evaluate the diameter on the base of the simulated results by introducing a threshold density value. Similarly to the definition of gas diameter in Ref.…”

Section: Aip Advances 6 115015 (2016)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 The production of a gas jet and its characterization have attracted interests and been extensively studied. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Usually, a supersonic clustered gas jet can be produced by the adiabatic expansion of gas under a high backing pressure through a conical nozzle into vacuum. The dimension of a gas jet is an important parameter for the determination of interaction length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The radial dimension of a supersonic jet expansion from conical nozzle

et al. 2016

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In a laser-cluster interaction experiment, the radial dimension of a supersonic gas jet is an important parameter for the characterization of interaction volume. It is noted that due to the lateral gas expansion, the diameter of a supersonic gas jet is larger than the idealized diameter of a gas jet from a conical nozzle. In this work the effect of the lateral expansion on the radial dimension of gas jet was investigated by simulations. Based on the simulation results, the diameter of gas jet l was compared in detail with the corresponding diameter lT in the idealized straight streamline model and the diameter lH at a half of maximum atom density of gas jet. The results reveal how the deviation of l from lT (lH) changes with respect to the opening angles of conical nozzles, the heights above the nozzle, the nozzle lengths and the gas backing pressures. It is found that the diameter of gas jet l is close to the idealized diameter lT and lH in the case where a long conical nozzle with a large opening angle is used under a low gas backing pressure. In this case, the effect of the lateral expansion is so weak that the edge of gas jet becomes sharp and the radial distribution of atom density in gas jet tends to be uniform. The results could be useful for the characterization of a supersonic gas jet.

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Characterization of submicron-sized CO2 clusters formed with a supersonic expansion of a mixed-gas using a three-staged nozzle

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Investigation of the on-axis atom number density in the supersonic gas jet under high gas backing pressure by simulation

Investigation of the on-axis atom number density in the supersonic gas jet under high gas backing pressure by simulation

Revisiting argon cluster formation in a planar gas jet for high-intensity laser matter interaction

The radial dimension of a supersonic jet expansion from conical nozzle

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